(1) Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

(2) Finance receivables measured at fair value

Our portfolio of finance receivables consists of small-balance homogeneous contracts comprising a single segment. Our contract purchase guidelines are designed to produce a homogenous portfolio. For key terms such as interest rate, length of contract, monthly payment and amount financed, there is relatively little variation from the average for the portfolio.

We have elected to use the fair value method to value our portfolio of finance receivables acquired. The accounting treatment follows the fair value hierarchy outlined in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements", and the inputs and assumptions are level 3. This is described further in footnote 9.

Our valuation policies and procedures have been developed by our Accounting department in conjunction with our Risk department and with consultation with outside valuation experts. Our policies and procedures have been approved by our Chief Executive and our Board of Directors and include methodologies for valuation, internal reporting, calibration and back testing. Our periodic review of valuations includes an analysis of changes in fair value measurements and documentation of the reasons for such changes. There is little available third-party information such as broker quotes or pricing services available to assist us in our valuation process.

Our level 3, unobservable inputs reflect our own assumptions about the factors that market participants use in pricing similar receivables and are based on the best information available in the circumstances. They include such inputs as estimates for the magnitude and timing of net charge-offs and the rate of amortization of the portfolio of finance receivable. Significant changes in any of those inputs in isolation would have a significant effect on our fair value measurement.

For the quarter ended June 30, 2026, the Company evaluated the appropriate fair value and future earnings rate of existing receivables compared to recently acquired receivables and did not record a mark up or down to the portfolio.

The table below presents a reconciliation of the finance receivables measured at fair value on a recurring basis using significant unobservable inputs:

The table below compares the fair values of these finance receivables to their contractual balances for the periods shown:

The following table provides certain qualitative information about our level 3 fair value measurements:

We report delinquency on a contractual basis. The following table summarizes the delinquency status of these finance receivables measured at fair value as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025:

(3) Securitization Trust Debt

We have completed many securitization transactions that are structured as secured borrowings for financial accounting purposes. The debt issued in these transactions is shown on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets as “Securitization trust debt,” and the components of such debt are summarized in the following table:

Debt issuance costs of $16.7 million and $16.6 million as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively, have been excluded from the table above. These debt issuance costs are presented as a direct deduction to the carrying amount of the Securitization trust debt on our Consolidated Balance Sheets.

All the securitization trust debt was sold in private placement transactions to qualified institutional buyers. The debt was issued through our wholly owned bankruptcy remote subsidiaries and is secured by the assets of such subsidiaries, but not by our other assets.

The terms of the various securitization agreements related to the issuance of the securitization trust debt require that certain delinquency and credit loss criteria be met with respect to the collateral pool and require that we maintain minimum levels of liquidity and net worth and not exceed maximum leverage levels. We are in compliance with all such covenants as of June 30, 2026.

We are responsible for the administration and collection of the contracts. The securitization agreements also require certain funds be held in restricted cash accounts to provide additional credit enhancement for the Notes or to be applied to make payments on the securitization trust debt. As of June 30, 2026, restricted cash under the various agreements totaled approximately $172.7 million. Interest expense on the securitization trust debt is composed of the stated rate of interest plus amortization of additional costs of borrowing. Additional costs of borrowing include facility fees, insurance premiums, amortization of deferred financing costs, and amortization of discounts required on the notes at the time of issuance. Deferred financing costs related to the securitization trust debt are amortized using the interest method. Accordingly, the effective cost of borrowing of the securitization trust debt is greater than the stated rate of interest.

Our wholly owned, bankruptcy remote subsidiaries were formed to facilitate the above asset-backed financing transactions. Similar bankruptcy remote subsidiaries issue the debt outstanding under our warehouse line of credit. Bankruptcy remote refers to a legal structure in which it is expected that the applicable entity would not be included in any bankruptcy filing by its parent or affiliates. All of the assets of these subsidiaries have been pledged as collateral for the related debt. All such transactions, treated as secured financing for accounting and tax purposes, are treated as sales for all other purposes, including legal and bankruptcy purposes. None of the assets of these subsidiaries are available to pay any of our other creditors.

(4) Debt

The terms and amounts of our other debt outstanding on June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, are summarized below:

On March 4, 2026, we completed a $50 million securitization of residual interests from previously issued securitizations. In the transaction, a qualified institutional buyer purchased $50.0 million of asset-backed notes secured by an 80% interest in a CPS affiliate that owns the residual interests in four CPS securitizations issued from January 2025 through October 2025. The sold notes (“2026-1 Notes”), issued by CPS Auto Securitization Trust 2026-1, consist of a single class with a coupon of 8.75%. At June 30, 2026, there was $50.0 million outstanding under this facility.

On October 17, 2025, we entered into a $167.5 million two-year warehouse credit line with Capital One, N.A as the Class A Lender and Oaktree Asset-Backed Income Private Placement Fund Inc., as the Class B Lenders. On April 3, 2026, we amended the credit agreement with Capital One, N.A. to increase the capacity of the facility. The amendment applies to both Capital One, N.A. and the subordinate lender, and increases the capacity of the facility from $167.5 million to $390 million. This facility has a two-year revolving period to October 2027, with an optional amortization period through April 2029. The facility is structured to allow us to fund a portion of the purchase price of automobile contracts by borrowing from a credit facility to our consolidated subsidiary Page Eleven Funding, LLC. The facility provides for effective advances up to 95.50% of eligible finance receivables. The Class A loans under the facility generally accrue interest during the revolving period at a per annum rate equal to the Term SOFR plus 2.60% per annum, with a minimum rate of 2.85% per annum and during the amortization period at a per annum rate equal to the Term SOFR plus 3.60% per annum, with a minimum rate of 3.85% per annum. The Class B loans under the facility generally accrue interest during the revolving period at a per annum rate equal to the Term SOFR plus 6.40% per annum, with a minimum rate of 6.65% per annum and during the amortization period at a per annum rate equal to the Term SOFR plus 7.40% per annum, with a minimum rate of 7.65% per annum. At June 30, 2026, there was $353.7 million outstanding under this facility.

On March 20, 2025, we completed a $65 million securitization of residual interests from previously issued securitizations. In the transaction, a qualified institutional buyer purchased $65.0 million of asset-backed notes secured by an 80% interest in a CPS affiliate that owns the residual interests in five CPS securitizations issued from October 2023 through September 2024. The sold notes (“2025-1 Notes”), issued by CPS Auto Securitization Trust 2025-1, consist of a single class with a coupon of 11.00%. At June 30, 2026, there was $62.8 million outstanding under this facility.

On December 19, 2024, we increased the capacity of our revolving credit agreement with Citibank, N.A., to $335 million. This follows the November 2024 closing of a revolving credit agreement with Oaktree Capital Management, which is subordinate to our credit agreement with Citibank, N.A. The facility provides effective advances up to 10.00% of eligible finance receivables, effectively increasing the advance rate up to 95% across the facility for eligible receivables. The revolving credit agreement with Citibank, N.A. was last renewed in July 2026, extending the maturity date to July 2028 followed by an amortization period through July 2029 for any receivables pledged at the end of the revolving period. There was $327.9 million outstanding under this facility at June 30, 2026.

On March 29, 2024, we renewed our two-year $200 million revolving credit agreement with Ares Agent Services, L.P. The revolving period for this facility was extended to March 2026 followed by an amortization period through March 2028 for any receivables pledged at the end of the revolving period. In March 2026, the revolving period was extended to April 2026. The facility was not renewed following the expiration of the revolving period. There was nothing outstanding under this facility at June 30, 2026.

On March 22, 2024, we completed a $50 million securitization of residual interests from previously issued securitizations. In the transaction, a qualified institutional buyer purchased $50.0 million of asset-backed notes secured by an 80% interest in a CPS affiliate that owns the residual interests in five CPS securitizations issued from January 2022 through January 2023. The sold notes (“2024-1 Notes”), issued by CPS Auto Securitization Trust 2024-1, consist of a single class with a coupon of 11.50%. At June 30, 2026, there was $46.9 million outstanding under this facility.

On June 30, 2021, we completed a $50 million securitization of residual interests from previously issued securitizations. In this residual interest financing transaction, qualified institutional buyers purchased $50.0 million of asset-backed notes secured by residual interests in eleven CPS securitizations consecutively issued from January 2018 and September 2020. The sold notes (“2021-1 Notes”), issued by CPS Auto Securitization Trust 2021-1, consist of a single class with a coupon of 7.86%. At June 30, 2026, there was $11.1 million outstanding under this facility.

Since 2005, we have offered renewable subordinated notes to the public on a continuous basis, and such notes have maturities that range from six months to 10 years. At June 30, 2026, there was $28.5 million outstanding under this facility.

Unamortized debt issuance costs of $2.0 million and $1.5 million as of June 30, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively, have been excluded from the amount reported above for residual interest financing. These debt issuance costs are presented as a direct deduction to the carrying amount of the debt on our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(5) Interest Income and Interest Expense

The following table presents the components of interest income:

The following table presents the components of interest expense:

(6) Earnings Per Share

Earnings per share for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2026, and 2025 were calculated using the weighted average number of shares outstanding for the related period. The following table reconciles the number of shares used in the computations of basic and diluted earnings per share for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2026, and 2025:

If the anti-dilutive effects of common stock equivalents were considered, shares included in the diluted earnings per share calculation for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2026, would have included an additional 3.0 million shares attributable to the exercise of outstanding options and warrants. For the three months and six-months ended June 30, 2025, 1.6 million shares, would be included in the diluted earnings per share calculation.

(7) Income Taxes

We file numerous consolidated and separate income tax returns with the United States and with many states. With few exceptions, we are no longer subject to U.S. federal, state, or local examinations by tax authorities for years before 2021.

As of June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had no unrecognized tax benefits for uncertain tax positions. We do not anticipate that total unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change due to any settlements of audits or expirations of statutes of limitations over the next 12 months.

The Company and its subsidiaries file a consolidated federal income tax return and combined or stand-alone state franchise tax returns for certain states. We utilize the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes, under which deferred income taxes are recognized for the future tax consequences attributable to the differences between the financial statement values of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled. The effect on deferred taxes of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.

Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the future tax consequences of events that have been recognized in the financial statements. A valuation allowance is recognized to reduce a deferred tax asset if, based on the weight of all available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax asset will not be realized. When making this judgment, both positive and negative evidence is considered, with the most weight given to evidence that can be objectively verified. The recognition of deferred tax liabilities, however, does not require a similar more likely than not test for realization. They are recognized with the expectation that they will be settled in future periods when the related taxable temporary differences reverse. As of June 30, 2026 we have a net deferred tax asset of $16,000. Our net deferred tax asset of $16,000 consists of approximately $270,000 of net U.S. federal deferred tax liabilities and $286,000 of net state deferred tax assets.

Income tax expense was $2.8 million for the three-month and $5.3 million and six-month ended on June 30, 2026, compared to income tax expense of $2.2 million and $4.3 million for the three-months and six-months ended June 30, 2025, representing an effective income tax rate of 31% in both periods.

(8) Legal Proceedings

Consumer Litigation. We are routinely involved in various legal proceedings resulting from our consumer finance activities and practices, both continuing and discontinued. Consumers can and do initiate lawsuits against us alleging violations of law applicable to collection of receivables, and such lawsuits sometimes allege that resolution as a class action is appropriate. For the most part, we have legal and factual defenses to consumer claims, which we routinely contest or settle (for immaterial amounts) depending on the particular circumstances of each case.

In general, there can be no assurance as to the outcomes of the matters described above. We record at each measurement date our best estimate of probable incurred losses for legal contingencies, if any. The amount of losses that may ultimately be incurred cannot be estimated with certainty. However, based on such information as is available to us, the Company is not currently a party to any such material proceedings.

Accordingly, we believe that the ultimate resolution of legal proceedings should not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial condition. We note, however, that in light of the uncertainties inherent in contested proceedings there can be no assurance that the ultimate resolution of these matters will not be material to our operating results for a particular period, depending on, among other factors, the size of the loss or liability imposed and the level of our income for that period.

(9) Fair Value Measurements

ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurements" clarifies the principle that fair value should be based on the assumptions market participants would use when pricing an asset or liability and establishes a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the information used to develop those assumptions. Under the standard, fair value measurements would be separately disclosed by level within the fair value hierarchy.

ASC 820 defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value, establishes a three-level valuation hierarchy for disclosure of fair value measurement and enhances disclosure requirements for fair value measurements. The three levels are defined as follows: level 1 - inputs to the valuation methodology are quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets; level 2 – inputs to the valuation methodology include quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active markets, and inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument; and level 3 – inputs to the valuation methodology are unobservable and significant to the fair value measurement.

There were no transfers in or out of level 1, level 2 or level 3 assets and liabilities for the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025.

The estimated fair values of financial assets and liabilities, excluding assets carried at fair value, on June 30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, were as follows:

(10) Business Segment Information

The company has one reportable segment. This determination is made by our Chief Executive Officer, who acts as the chief operating decision-maker (“CODM”), in assessing performance and making decisions regarding resource allocation. The CODM assesses performance by reviewing the consolidated financial statements, which reflect the financial results of our one reportable operating segment.

Within the Company’s one reportable segment, it provides indirect vehicle financing to motor vehicle dealer’s less credit- worthy borrowers. The Company’s revenue primarily consists of interest income and is derived from the interest recorded on contracts the Company has purchased. The revenue generated from any individual borrower is deemed to be immaterial.

(11) Subsequent Events

On July 9, 2026, we renewed our two-year revolving credit agreement with Citibank, N.A., while simultaneously increasing the capacity of the facility. The renewal and increase apply to both Citibank, N.A. and the subordinate lender, and increases the capacity of the facility from $335 million to $508 million. The revolving period for this facility will extend to July 2028 after which CPS will have the option to repay the outstanding loans in full or to allow them to amortize for a one-year period.

On July 22, 2026, we completed our third securitization of 2026. In the transaction, qualified institutional buyers purchased $716.88 million of asset-backed notes secured by $734.51 million in automobile receivables originated by CPS. The sold notes, issued by CPS Auto Receivables Trust 2026-C, consist of five classes. Ratings of the notes were provided by Standard & Poor’s and DBRS Morningstar, and were based on the structure of the transaction, the historical performance of similar receivables and CPS’s experience as a servicer. The weighted average interest rate on the notes is approximately 5.90%.