UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 6-K

Report of Foreign Private Issuer

Pursuant to Rule 13a-16 or 15d-16

Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the Month of September 2026

001-36203

(Commission File Number)

CAN-FITE BIOPHARMA LTD.

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)

26 Ben Gurion Street

Ramat Gan 5257346 Israel

(Address of principal executive offices)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover Form 20-F or Form 40-F.

Form 20-F ☒  Form 40-F ☐

This Report on Form 6-K, Exhibit 99.1, Exhibit 99.2 and the text under the heading “Financial Results” and “Forward-Looking Statements” in the press release in Exhibit 99.3 are hereby incorporated by reference into the registrant’s Registration Statements on Form S-8 (File Nos. 333-227753, 333-271384 and 333-278525) and Form F-3 (File Nos. 333-236064, 333-274316, 333-262055, 333-276000, 333-281872, 333-294760 and 333-298625), to be a part there of from the date on which this report is submitted, to the extent not superseded by documents or reports subsequently filed or furnished.

On September 8, 2026, Can-Fite BioPharma Ltd. (the “Company”) issued a press release announcing financial results for the six months ended June 30, 2026 and updates on its drug development programs. In addition, on the same day, the Company issued unaudited interim condensed consolidated financial statements as of June 30, 2026. Attached hereto and incorporated by reference herein are the following exhibits:

Exhibit Index

SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.