UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended March 31, 2026
OR

☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15 (d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the Transition Period from to
Commission file number 000-27719

Southern First Bancshares, Inc.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

South Carolina 58-2459561
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
6 Verdae Boulevard
Greenville, S.C. 29607
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)

864-679-9000
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Not Applicable
(Former name, former address, and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock SFST The Nasdaq Global Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer ☐ Accelerated filer ☒
Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller Reporting Company ☐
Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No x

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date: 9,455,165 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were issued and outstanding as of April 27, 2026.

Table of Contents

SOUTHERN FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
March 31, 2026 Form 10-Q

INDEX

Page
PART I – CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements
Consolidated Balance Sheets 3
Consolidated Statements of Income 4
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income 5
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity 6
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows 7
Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements 8
Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations 27
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk 42
Item 4. Controls and Procedures 43
PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings 43
Item 1A. Risk Factors 43
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds 44
Item 3. Defaults upon Senior Securities 44
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures 44
Item 5. Other Information 44
Item 6. Exhibits 44

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PART I. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Item 1. CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

SOUTHERN FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

March 31, December 31,
(dollars in thousands, except share data) 2026 2025
(Unaudited) (Audited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents:
Cash and due from banks $32,723 27,821
Federal funds sold 228,235 183,473
Interest-bearing deposits with banks 81,818 58,289
Total cash and cash equivalents 342,776 269,583
Investment securities:
Investment securities available for sale 124,224 127,730
Other investments 20,377 20,063
Total investment securities 144,601 147,793
Mortgage loans held for sale 13,723 11,569
Loans 3,942,219 3,845,124
Less allowance for credit losses (43,378) (42,280)
Loans, net 3,898,841 3,802,844
Bank owned life insurance 56,221 55,775
Property and equipment, net 88,580 83,465
Deferred income taxes, net 13,812 13,702
Other assets 19,848 18,763
Total assets $4,578,402 4,403,494
LIABILITIES
Deposits $3,873,455 3,716,803
Federal Home Loan Bank advances and other borrowings 240,000 240,000
Subordinated debentures 24,903 24,903
Other liabilities 60,631 53,131
Total liabilities 4,198,989 4,034,837
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, 10,000,000 shares authorized - -
Common stock, par value $.01 per share, 20,000,000 shares authorized, 8,247,665 and 8,213,328 shares issued and outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. 82 82
Nonvested restricted stock (1,302) (1,338)
Additional paid-in capital 127,168 125,924
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (7,865) (7,454)
Retained earnings 261,330 251,443
Total shareholders’ equity 379,413 368,657
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $4,578,402 4,403,494

See notes to consolidated financial statements that are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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SOUTHERN FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(Unaudited)

For the three months
ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands, except share data) 2026 2025
Interest income
Loans $51,257 47,085
Investment securities 1,399 1,403
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits with banks 1,955 1,159
Total interest income 54,611 49,647
Interest expense
Deposits 21,697 23,569
Borrowings 2,655 2,695
Total interest expense 24,352 26,264
Net interest income 30,259 23,383
Provision for credit losses 1,300 750
Net interest income after provision for credit losses 28,959 22,633
Noninterest income
Mortgage banking income 1,493 1,424
Service fees on deposit accounts 756 539
ATM and debit card income 588 552
Income from bank owned life insurance 446 403
Other income 257 196
Total noninterest income 3,540 3,114
Noninterest expenses
Compensation and benefits 11,980 11,304
Occupancy 2,490 2,548
Outside service and data processing 2,267 2,037
Insurance 892 1,010
Professional fees 675 509
Marketing 399 374
Other 1,312 1,054
Total noninterest expenses 20,015 18,836
Income before income tax expense 12,484 6,911
Income tax expense 2,597 1,645
Net income $9,887 5,266
Earnings per common share
Basic $1.21 0.65
Diluted 1.19 0.65
Weighted average common shares outstanding
Basic 8,163,412 8,078,355
Diluted 8,292,852 8,110,514

See notes to consolidated financial statements that are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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SOUTHERN FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(Unaudited)

For the three months
ended March 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2026 2025
Net income $9,887 5,266
Other comprehensive income (loss):
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities available for sale:
Unrealized holding gain (loss) arising during the period, pretax (520) 1,842
Tax benefit (expense) 109 (386)
Other comprehensive income (loss) (411) 1,456
Comprehensive income $9,476 6,722

See notes to consolidated financial statements that are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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SOUTHERN FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(Unaudited)

Common stock Preferred stock Nonvested
restricted		 Additional
paid-in		 Accumulated
other
comprehensive		 Retained
(dollars in thousands, except share data) Shares Amount Shares Amount stock capital income (loss) earnings Total
December 31, 2024 8,164,872 $82 - $ - $(3,884) $124,641 $(11,472) $221,077 $330,444
Net income - - - - - - - 5,266 5,266
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 12,500 - - - - 210 - - 210
Restricted shares withheld for taxes (8,507) - - - - (315) - - (315)
Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures - - - - 512 25 - - 537
Other comprehensive income - - - - - - 1,456 - 1,456
March 31, 2025 8,168,865 $82 - $- $(3,372) $124,561 $(10,016) $226,343 $337,598
December 31, 2025 8,213,328 $82 - $- $(1,338) $125,924 $(7,454) $251,443 $368,657
Net income - - - - - - - 9,887 9,887
Proceeds from exercise of stock options 35,750 - - - - 1,299 - - 1,299
Net issuance of restricted stock 10,152 - - - (587) 587 - - -
Restricted shares withheld for taxes (11,565) - - - - (642) - - (642)
Share-based compensation expense, net of forfeitures - - - - 623 - - - 623
Other comprehensive loss - - - - - - (411) - (411)
March 31, 2026 8,247,665 $82 - $- $(1,302) $127,168 $(7,865) $261,330 $379,413

See notes to consolidated financial statements that are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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SOUTHERN FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

For the three months ended
March 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2026 2025
Operating activities
Net income $9,887 5,266
Adjustments to reconcile net income to cash provided by operating activities:
Provision for credit losses 1,300 750
Depreciation and other amortization 945 1,169
Accretion and amortization of securities discounts and premium, net (104) 101
Net change in operating leases 135 24
Loss on sale of real estate owned 38 -
Stock-based compensation expense 623 537
Gain on sale of loans held for sale (1,323) (1,269)
Loans originated and held for sale (51,956) (46,715)
Proceeds from sale of loans held for sale 51,125 41,025
Increase in cash surrender value of bank owned life insurance (446) (403)
Decrease in deferred tax asset 1 1
Decrease (increase) in other assets (886) 2,280
Increase in other liabilities 1,434 4,816
Net cash provided by operating activities 10,773 7,582
Investing activities
Increase (decrease) in cash realized from:
Increase in loans, net (97,622) (52,404)
Purchase of property and equipment (280) (141)
Purchase of investment securities:
Available for sale (2,477) -
Other investments (314) (437)
Payments and maturities, calls and repayments of investment securities:
Available for sale 5,567 2,578
Other investments - -
Proceeds from the sale of real estate acquired in settlement of loans 237 -
Net cash used for investing activities (94,889) (50,404)
Financing activities
Increase (decrease) in cash realized from:
Increase in deposits, net 156,652 185,121
Proceeds from the exercise of stock options 1,299 210
Restricted shares withheld for taxes (642) (315)
Net cash provided by financing activities 157,309 185,016
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents 73,193 142,194
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period 269,583 162,863
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period $342,776 $305,057
Supplemental information
Cash paid for
Interest $24,238 $26,623
Schedule of non-cash transactions
Unrealized gain (loss) on securities, net of income taxes (411) 1,456
Foreclosure of other real estate 475 275
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations:
Operating leases 6,243 -

See notes to consolidated financial statements that are an integral part of these consolidated statements.

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SOUTHERN FIRST BANCSHARES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARY
NOTES TO UNAUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Nature of Business

Southern First Bancshares, Inc. (the “Company”) is a South Carolina corporation that owns all of the capital stock of Southern First Bank (the “Bank”) and all of the stock of Greenville First Statutory Trusts I and II (collectively, the “Trusts”). The Trusts are special purpose non-consolidated entities organized for the sole purpose of issuing trust preferred securities. The Bank’s primary federal regulator is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (the “FDIC”). The Bank is also regulated and examined by the South Carolina Board of Financial Institutions. The Bank is primarily engaged in the business of accepting demand deposits and savings deposits insured by the FDIC, and providing commercial, consumer and mortgage loans to the general public.

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all the information and footnotes required by accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included. Operating results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the year ending December 31, 2026. For further information, refer to the consolidated financial statements and footnotes thereto included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025 as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) on February 24, 2026. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and the Bank. In accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 810, “Consolidation,” the financial statements related to the Trusts have not been consolidated.

Risks and Uncertainties

In the normal course of its business, the Company is subject to economic and regulatory risks. The principal economic risks inherent in the Company’s business include interest rate risk, credit risk, liquidity risk and market risk. Interest rate risk arises from changes in market interest rates and from differences in the repricing and maturity characteristics of the Company’s interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities. Credit risk is the risk of loss arising from a borrower’s inability or unwillingness to satisfy contractual repayment obligations. Liquidity risk is the risk that the Company may be unable to meet cash flow needs, fund loan demand, satisfy depositor withdrawal requests or otherwise operate on a cost-effective basis in the ordinary course of business. Market risk reflects changes in the value of collateral securing loans, the valuation of real estate held by the Company, the fair value of investment securities and loans, and broader changes in financial market conditions. The Company also operates in a highly regulated industry and may be affected by changes in laws, regulations, regulatory expectations and supervisory practices.

The Federal Reserve has stated that inflation remains somewhat elevated and that uncertainty about the economic outlook remains elevated. Changes in interest rates, inflation, economic growth, employment conditions, geopolitical developments and other domestic and international events may affect loan demand, deposit levels and funding costs, asset quality, borrower repayment capacity and the value of financial assets. In addition, credit conditions in certain sectors, including commercial real estate, continue to warrant close attention, particularly as loans mature and borrowers face refinancing risk. The extent to which these factors, as well as any related legislative, regulatory or supervisory responses, may adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows remains uncertain.

The Company is subject to the regulations of various governmental agencies. These regulations can and do change significantly from period to period. The Company also undergoes periodic examinations by the regulatory agencies, which may subject the Company to changes with respect to the valuation of assets, the amount of required credit loss allowance and operating restrictions resulting from the regulators’ judgments based on information available to them at the time of their examinations.

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The Bank makes loans to individuals and businesses in the Upstate, Midlands, and Lowcountry regions of South Carolina as well as the Triangle, Triad and Charlotte regions of North Carolina and Atlanta, Georgia for various personal and commercial purposes. The Bank’s loan portfolio has a concentration of real estate loans. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, real estate loans represented 81.8% and 82.8%, respectively, of total loans. However, borrowers’ ability to repay their loans is not dependent upon any specific economic sector.

As of March 31, 2026, the Company’s and the Bank’s capital ratios were in excess of all regulatory requirements. While management believes that we have sufficient capital to withstand an extended economic recession, our reported and regulatory capital ratios could be adversely impacted by future credit losses.

The Company maintains access to multiple sources of liquidity, including a $15.0 million holding company line of credit with another bank which could be used to support capital ratios at the subsidiary bank. As of March 31, 2026, the $15.0 million line was unused.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amount of income and expenses during the reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Material estimates that are particularly susceptible to significant change in the near term relate to the determination of the allowance for credit losses, real estate acquired in the settlement of loans, fair value of financial instruments, and valuation of deferred tax assets.

Change in Accounting Estimate

During the first quarter of 2025, the Company changed its methodology for estimating the allowance for credit losses (“ACL”) on loans by transitioning from a lifetime probability of default and loss given default model to a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) approach. The Company transitioned to the DCF method as it allows for a better estimation of credit losses through customization among the various inputs by loan segmentation. The DCF model uses regression techniques that relate one or more economic factors to the default rate of various portfolios to build reasonable and supportable forecasts to estimate future losses. The Company determined that the national gross domestic product and unemployment rate were the two economic factors which had the greatest correlation to historical performance for use in the forecasted portion of the model. In addition, the transition to the DCF model allowed the Company to reduce its reliance on qualitative factors and to analyze them on a more granular level, such as by segment. The refinement represents a change in accounting estimate under ASC Topic 250, Accounting Changes and Error Corrections, with prospective application beginning in the period of change. This change in accounting estimate did not have a material effect on the Company’s financial statements.

Reclassifications

Certain amounts, previously reported, have been reclassified to present all periods on a comparable basis and such reclassification had no effect on shareholders’ equity or net income.

Subsequent Events

Subsequent events are events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued. Recognized subsequent events are events or transactions that provide additional evidence about conditions that existed at the date of the balance sheet, including the estimates inherent in the process of preparing financial statements. Non-recognized subsequent events are events that provide evidence about conditions that did not exist at the date of the balance sheet but arose after that date.

Newly Issued, But Not Yet Effective Accounting Standards

In November 2024, the FASB amended the Income Statement – Reporting Comprehensive Income topic in the Accounting Standards Codification to require public companies to disclose, in interim and annual reporting periods, additional information about certain expenses in the notes to the financial statements. The amendments are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The Company will apply the amendments retrospectively to all

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prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements.

In December 2025, the FASB amended the Interim Reporting topic in the Accounting Standards Codification to clarify current interim reporting requirements. The amendments are effective for interim reporting periods within annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027. Early adoption is permitted. The amendments in this update can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company does not expect these amendments to have a material effect on its financial statements.

NOTE 2 – Investment Securities

The amortized costs and fair value of investment securities are as follows:

Schedule of amortized costs and fair value of investment securities
March 31, 2026
Amortized Gross Unrealized Fair
(dollars in thousands) Cost Gains Losses Value
Available for sale
Corporate bonds $1,698 - 102 1,596
US government agencies 12,906 38 997 11,947
State and political subdivisions 19,877 - 2,160 17,717
Asset-backed securities 12,670 2 104 12,568
Mortgage-backed securities 87,028 8 6,640 80,396
Total investment securities available for sale $134,179 48 10,003 124,224
December 31, 2025
Amortized Gross Unrealized Fair
Cost Gains Losses Value
Available for sale
Corporate bonds $1,703 - 103 1,600
US government agencies 13,225 33 980 12,278
State and political subdivisions 19,934 - 2,064 17,870
Asset-backed securities 16,505 32 118 16,419
Mortgage-backed securities 85,798 14 6,249 79,563
Total investment securities available for sale $137,165 79 9,514 127,730

Contractual maturities and yields on the Company’s investment securities at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are shown in the following table. Expected maturities may differ from contractual maturities because issuers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties.

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Schedule of maturities and yields on the company’s investment securities
March 31, 2026
Less than one year One to five years Five to ten years Over ten years Total
(dollars in thousands) Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield
Available for sale
Corporate bonds $- - $1,596 2.04% $- - $- - $1,596 2.04%
US government agencies - - 4,863 1.37% 7,084 4.08% - - 11,947 2.98%
State and political subdivisions - - 3,470 1.61% 4,618 2.33% 9,629 2.41% 17,717 2.23%
Asset-backed securities - - - - - - 12,568 4.79% 12,568 4.79%
Mortgage-backed securities 35 2.28% 4,623 3.33% 9,660 2.69% 66,078 4.10% 80,396 3.88%
Total investment securities $35 2.28% $14,552 2.13% $21,362 3.07% $88,275 3.33% $124,224 3.63%

December 31, 2025

Less than one year One to five years Five to ten years Over ten years Total
(dollars in thousands) Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield Amount Yield
Available for sale
Corporate bonds $- - $1,600 2.04% $- - $- - $1,600 2.04%
US government agencies - - 4,871 1.37% 7,407 4.39% - - 12,278 3.20%
State and political subdivisions - - 2,561 1.62% 5,565 2.21% 9,744 2.41% 17,870 2.23%
Asset-backed securities - - - - 3,486 5.19% 12,933 5.12% 16,419 5.14%
Mortgage-backed securities 19 2.37% 2,229 1.70% 9,272 2.74% 68,043 4.17% 79,563 3.93%
Total investment securities $19 2.37% $11,261 1.59% $25,730 3.43% $90,720 4.12% $127,730 3.76%

The tables below summarize gross unrealized losses on investment securities and the fair market value of the related securities at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, aggregated by investment category and length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous unrealized loss position.

Schedule of gross unrealized losses on investment securities and fair market value of related securities
March 31, 2026
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
(dollars in thousands) # Fair
value		 Unrealized
losses		 # Fair
value		 Unrealized
losses		 # Fair
value		 Unrealized
losses
Available for sale
Corporate bonds - $- $- 1 $1,596 $102 1 $1,596 $102
US government agencies - - - 7 8,350 997 7 8,350 997
State and political subdivisions - - - 29 17,717 2,160 29 17,717 2,160
Asset-backed securities 1 2,324 5 3 7,554 99 4 9,878 104
Mortgage-backed securities 12 41,590 561 54 37,769 6,079 66 79,359 6,640
Total investment securities 13 $43,914 $566 94 $72,986 $9,437 107 $116,900 $10,003
December 31, 2025
Less than 12 months 12 months or longer Total
(dollars in thousands) # Fair
value		 Unrealized
losses		 # Fair
value		 Unrealized
losses		 # Fair
value		 Unrealized
losses
Available for sale
Corporate bonds - $- $- 1 $1,600 $103 1 $1,600 $103
US government agencies - - - 7 8,367 980 7 8,367 980
State and political subdivisions - - - 29 17,870 2,064 29 17,870 2,064
Asset-backed securities 3 4,483 22 2 6,035 96 5 10,518 118
Mortgage-backed securities 7 34,538 163 57 42,546 6,086 64 77,084 6,249
Total investment securities 10 $39,021 $185 96 $76,418 $9,329 106 $115,439 $9,514

At March 31, 2026, the Company had 107 individual investments that were in an unrealized loss position. The unrealized losses were primarily attributable to changes in interest rates, rather than deterioration in credit quality and the issuers of these securities continue to make timely principal and interest payments under the contractual terms of the securities. The Company does not intend to sell these securities, and it is more likely than not that the Company will not be required to sell these securities before recovery of the amortized cost. Additional information related to the

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types of securities held at March 31, 2026, other than securities issued or guaranteed by US government entities or agencies including US Treasuries and substantially all of the Company’s mortgage-backed securities, is as follows:

Corporate securities – The Company has one holding in corporate debt securities for which there have been no payment defaults.

Municipal securities – All of the Company’s holdings of municipal bonds were investment grade and there have been no payment defaults. All of these securities have been rated A+ or higher by Moody’s or Standard & Poors or Fitch.

Asset-backed securities – There were four investment grade asset-backed securities, and there have been no payment default on these securities.

As such, there is no allowance for credit losses on available for sale securities recognized as of March 31, 2026.

Other investments are comprised of the following and are recorded at cost which approximates fair value.

Schedule of other investments
(dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Federal Home Loan Bank stock $14,762 14,540
Other nonmarketable investments 5,212 5,120
Investment in Trust Preferred subsidiaries 403 403
Total other investments $20,377 20,063

The Company has evaluated other investments for impairment and determined that the other investments are not impaired as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 and ultimate recoverability of the par value of the investments is probable. All of the FHLB stock is used to collateralize advances to the FHLB.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were no securities pledged as collateral for repurchase agreements from brokers.

NOTE 3 – Mortgage Loans Held for Sale

Mortgage loans originated and intended for sale in the secondary market are reported as loans held for sale and carried at fair value under the fair value option with changes in fair value recognized in current period earnings. Loans held for sale and their fair values are estimated using observable quoted market or contracted prices or market price equivalents, which would be used by other market participants. At the date of funding of the mortgage loan held for sale, the funded amount of the loan, the related derivative asset or liability of the associated interest rate lock commitment, less direct loan costs becomes the initial recorded investment in the loan held for sale. Such amount approximates the fair value of the loan. At March 31, 2026, mortgage loans held for sale totaled $13.7 million compared to $11.6 million at December 31, 2025.

NOTE 4 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses

The following table summarizes the composition of our loan portfolio. Total gross loans are recorded net of deferred loan fees and costs, which totaled $5.8 million as of March 31, 2026 and $5.6 million as of December 31, 2025.

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March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $759,602 19.3% $736,979 19.2%
Non-owner occupied RE 950,696 24.1% 956,812 24.9%
Construction 69,463 1.8% 63,666 1.7%
Business 677,742 17.2% 619,667 16.0%
Total commercial loans 2,457,503 62.4% 2,377,124 61.8%
Consumer
Real estate 1,148,129 29.1% 1,153,285 30.0%
Home equity 262,530 6.6% 248,685 6.5%
Construction 33,879 0.9% 24,997 0.6%
Other 40,178 1.0% 41,033 1.1%
Total consumer loans 1,484,716 37.6% 1,468,000 38.2%
Total gross loans, net of deferred fees 3,942,219 100.0% 3,845,124 100.0%
Less—allowance for credit losses (43,378) (42,280)
Total loans, net $3,898,841 $3,802,844

Maturities and Sensitivity of Loans to Changes in Interest Rates

The information in the following tables summarize the loan maturity distribution by type and related interest rate characteristics based on the contractual maturities of individual loans, including loans which may be subject to renewal at their contractual maturity. Renewal of such loans is subject to review and credit approval, as well as modification of terms upon maturity. Actual repayments of loans may differ from the maturities reflected below, because borrowers have the right to prepay obligations with or without prepayment penalties.

March 31, 2026
(dollars in thousands) One year
or less		 After one
but within
five years		 After five but
within fifteen
years		 After fifteen
years		 Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $47,092 339,455 355,439 17,616 759,602
Non-owner occupied RE 148,056 614,369 170,887 17,384 950,696
Construction 18,303 33,880 17,280 - 69,463
Business 146,960 380,513 147,012 3,257 677,742
Total commercial loans 360,411 1,368,217 690,618 38,257 2,457,503
Consumer
Real estate 20,294 108,747 215,375 803,713 1,148,129
Home equity 5,819 34,243 218,443 4,025 262,530
Construction 27,037 2,045 4,797 - 33,879
Other 8,878 26,359 4,302 639 40,178
Total consumer loans 62,028 171,394 442,917 808,377 1,484,716
Total gross loans, net of deferred fees $422,439 1,539,611 1,133,535 846,634 3,942,219

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December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) One year
or less		 After one
but within
five years		 After five but
within fifteen
years		 After fifteen
years		 Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $49,286 294,424 374,220 19,049 736,979
Non-owner occupied RE 160,526 588,542 190,475 17,269 956,812
Construction 17,357 27,808 18,501 - 63,666
Business 139,003 349,904 127,474 3,286 619,667
Total commercial loans 366,172 1,260,678 710,670 39,604 2,377,124
Consumer
Real estate 26,591 115,347 218,489 792,858 1,153,285
Home equity 6,073 36,692 201,872 4,048 248,685
Construction 19,053 1,379 4,565 - 24,997
Other 5,548 30,433 4,406 646 41,033
Total consumer loans 57,265 183,851 429,332 797,552 1,468,000
Total gross loans, net of deferred fees $423,437 1,444,529 1,140,002 837,156 3,845,124

The following table summarizes loans due after one year (i.e., excluding loans due one year or less), by category and by interest rate type.

Schedule of loans due after one year by category
March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Interest Rate Interest Rate
(dollars in thousands) Fixed Floating or
Adjustable		 Fixed Floating or
Adjustable
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $652,274 60,236 $630,228 57,465
Non-owner occupied RE 685,318 117,322 682,360 113,926
Construction 10,304 40,856 11,455 34,854
Business 293,877 236,905 285,215 195,449
Total commercial loans 1,641,773 455,319 1,609,258 401,694
Consumer
Real estate 940,293 187,542 963,817 162,877
Home equity 8,488 248,223 8,789 233,823
Construction 6,842 - 5,944 -
Other 8,645 22,655 9,100 26,385
Total consumer loans 964,268 458,420 987,650 423,085
Total gross loans, net of deferred fees $2,606,041 913,739 $2,596,908 824,779

Credit Quality Indicators

The Company tracks credit quality based on its internal risk ratings. Upon origination, a loan is assigned an initial risk grade, which is generally based on several factors such as the borrower’s credit score, the loan-to-value ratio, the debt-to-income ratio, etc. After loans are initially graded, they are monitored regularly for credit quality based on many factors, such as payment history, the borrower’s financial status, and changes in collateral value. Loans can be downgraded or upgraded depending on management’s evaluation of these factors. Internal risk-grading policies are consistent throughout each loan type.

A description of the general characteristics of the risk grades is as follows:

·Pass— A pass loan ranges from minimal to average credit risk; however, it still has acceptable credit risk.
·Watch—A watch loan exhibits above average credit risk due to minor weaknesses and warrants closer scrutiny by management.

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·Special mention—A special mention loan has potential weaknesses that deserve management’s close attention. If left uncorrected, these potential weaknesses may result in deterioration of the repayment prospects for the loan or the institution’s credit position at some future date.
·Substandard—A substandard loan is inadequately protected by the current sound worth and paying capacity of the obligor or of the collateral pledged, if any. Loans so classified must have a well-defined weakness, or weaknesses, which may jeopardize the liquidation of the debt. A substandard loan is characterized by the distinct possibility that the Bank will sustain some loss if the deficiencies are not corrected.
·Doubtful—A doubtful loan has all of the weaknesses inherent in one classified as substandard with the added characteristic that the weaknesses make collection or liquidation in full, on the basis of the currently existing facts, conditions and values, highly questionable and improbable.

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The following table presents loan balances classified by credit quality indicators by year of origination as of March 31, 2026.

Schedule of classified by credit quality indicators by year of origination
March 31, 2026
(dollars in thousands) 2026 2025 2024 2023 2022 Prior Revolving Revolving
Converted
to Term		 Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE
Pass $38,014 110,769 58,947 34,005 185,141 300,701 71 - 727,648
Watch - 2,047 434 4,580 4,058 12,247 - - 23,366
Special Mention - - - 1,235 1,606 3,430 - - 6,271
Substandard - 2,066 - - 251 - - - 2,317
Total Owner occupied RE 38,014 114,882 59,381 39,820 191,056 316,378 71 - 759,602
Non-owner occupied RE
Pass 35,985 74,760 51,621 61,967 298,499 376,971 1,162 - 900,965
Watch - - 490 1,162 13,023 22,630 - - 37,305
Special Mention - - 269 480 941 7,731 - - 9,421
Substandard - - - - 1,294 1,711 - - 3,005
Total Non-owner occupied RE 35,985 74,760 52,380 63,609 313,757 409,043 1,162 - 950,696
Construction
Pass 4,276 27,111 30,568 - 2,912 47 - - 64,914
Watch - - - - 2,405 2,144 - - 4,549
Total Construction 4,276 27,111 30,568 - 5,317 2,191 - - 69,463
Business
Pass 48,014 114,549 39,779 43,370 93,907 82,220 231,254 532 653,625
Watch - 798 666 408 2,610 6,077 7,752 74 18,385
Special Mention - 69 667 738 677 650 1,716 - 4,517
Substandard - 133 - 626 - 72 384 - 1,215
Total Business 48,014 115,549 41,112 45,142 97,194 89,019 241,106 606 677,742
Current period gross write-offs - - - - - - (74) - (74)
Total Commercial loans 126,289 332,302 183,441 148,571 607,324 816,631 242,339 606 2,457,503
Consumer
Real estate
Pass 33,325 133,599 56,500 112,154 247,726 513,509 - - 1,096,813
Watch 195 99 565 4,498 6,275 15,654 - - 27,286
Special Mention - 190 844 2,034 5,122 9,140 - - 17,330
Substandard - - 980 1,257 635 3,828 - - 6,700
Total Real estate 33,520 133,888 58,889 119,943 259,758 542,131 - - 1,148,129
Home equity
Pass - - - - - - 247,672 - 247,672
Watch - - - - - - 8,828 - 8,828
Special Mention - - - - - - 5,159 - 5,159
Substandard - - - - - - 871 - 871
Total Home equity - - - - - - 262,530 - 262,530
Construction
Pass 2,956 24,660 3,384 - - - 645 - 31,645
Watch - 194 - 2,040 - - - - 2,234
Total Construction 2,956 24,854 3,384 2,040 - - 645 - 33,879
Other
Pass 389 4,595 594 542 958 1,338 30,563 - 38,979
Watch - 21 115 29 20 419 151 - 755
Special Mention - 13 23 4 313 73 18 - 444
Total Other 389 4,629 732 575 1,291 1,830 30,732 - 40,178
Current period gross write-offs - - - - - - (4) - (4)
Total Consumer loans 36,865 163,371 63,005 122,558 261,049 543,961 293,907 - 1,484,716
Total loans $163,154 495,673 246,446 271,129 868,373 1,360,592 536,246 606 3,942,219

Total Current period gross write-offs

 - - - - - - (78) - (78)

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The following table presents loan balances classified by credit quality indicators by year of origination as of December 31, 2025.

December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) 2025 2024 2023 2022 2021 Prior Revolving Revolving
Converted
to Term		 Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE
Pass $109,796 62,028 36,348 187,991 120,627 187,495 100 596 704,981
Watch 2,062 438 5,833 5,734 2,249 9,929 - - 26,245
Special Mention 2,070 - - - - 3,424 - - 5,494
Substandard - - - 259 - - - - 259
Total Owner occupied RE 113,928 62,466 42,181 193,984 122,876 200,848 100 596 736,979
Non-owner occupied RE
Pass 75,982 60,413 61,961 302,086 142,876 255,478 760 1,012 900,568
Watch - 618 1,653 13,553 13,886 9,453 - - 39,163
Special Mention - 144 - - 190 7,586 - - 7,920
Substandard - - - 2,244 - 6,917 - - 9,161
Total Non-owner occupied RE 75,982 61,175 63,614 317,883 156,952 279,434 760 1,012 956,812
Construction
Pass 23,211 28,284 - 7,921 53 - - - 59,469
Watch - - - 1,766 2,431 - - - 4,197
Total Construction 23,211 28,284 - 9,687 2,484 - - - 63,666
Business
Pass 109,351 42,578 44,987 100,908 28,743 55,659 210,992 465 593,683
Watch 799 719 1,180 3,006 2,186 4,090 8,675 402 21,057
Special Mention 71 652 - 621 - 664 1,807 - 3,815
Substandard 149 - 627 - - 74 262 - 1,112
Total Business 110,370 43,949 46,794 104,535 30,929 60,487 221,736 867 619,667
Current period gross write-offs - - - - - (78) (213) - (291)
Total Commercial loans 323,491 195,874 152,589 626,089 313,241 540,769 222,596 2,475 2,377,124
Consumer
Real estate
Pass 136,015 58,846 125,186 254,815 248,173 276,765 - - 1,099,800
Watch 1,076 1,237 5,045 6,351 7,899 8,092 - - 29,700
Special Mention 193 489 1,513 5,158 2,434 7,568 - - 17,355
Substandard - 1,118 1,034 647 715 2,916 - - 6,430
Total Real estate 137,284 61,690 132,778 266,971 259,221 295,341 - - 1,153,285
Home equity
Pass - - - - - - 232,962 - 232,962
Watch - - - - - - 8,730 - 8,730
Special Mention - - - - - - 5,501 - 5,501
Substandard - - - - - - 1,492 - 1,492
Total Home equity - - - - - - 248,685 - 248,685
Construction
Pass 20,031 2,308 - - - - 648 - 22,987
Watch - - 2,010 - - - - - 2,010
Total Construction 20,031 2,308 2,010 - - - 648 - 24,997
Other
Pass 5,048 623 586 1,062 340 1,102 31,027 - 39,788
Watch 23 134 34 24 322 109 135 - 781
Special Mention 13 26 5 316 47 38 19 - 464
Total Other 5,084 783 625 1,402 709 1,249 31,181 - 41,033
Current period gross write-offs (30) - - - (20) - (10) - (60)
Total Consumer loans 162,399 64,781 135,413 268,373 259,930 296,590 280,514 - 1,468,000
Total loans $485,890 260,655 288,002 894,462 573,171 837,359 503,110 2,475 3,845,124

Total Current period gross write-offs

 (30) - - - (20) (78) (223) - (351)

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The following tables present loan balances by age and payment status.

March 31, 2026
(dollars in thousands) Accruing 30-59
days past due		 Accruing
60-89 days
past due		 Accruing 90
days or more
past due		 Nonaccrual
loans		 Accruing
current		 Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $869 - - 2,317 756,416 759,602
Non-owner occupied RE 272 - - 1,712 948,712 950,696
Construction - - - - 69,463 69,463
Business 855 - - 909 675,978 677,742
Consumer
Real estate 4,311 610 - 5,786 1,137,422 1,148,129
Home equity 652 134 - 745 260,999 262,530
Construction - - - - 33,879 33,879
Other 10 4 - - 40,164 40,178
Total loans $6,969 748 - 11,469 3,923,033 3,942,219
December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Accruing 30-59
days past due		 Accruing
60-89 days
past due		 Accruing 90
days or more
past due		 Nonaccrual
loans		 Accruing
current		 Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $- - - 259 736,720 736,979
Non-owner occupied RE - - - 6,917 949,895 956,812
Construction - - - - 63,666 63,666
Business 627 - - 189 618,851 619,667
Consumer
Real estate 4,235 315 - 5,763 1,142,972 1,153,285
Home equity - 250 - 705 247,730 248,685
Construction - - - - 24,997 24,997
Other 33 - - - 41,000 41,033
Total loans $4,895 565 - 13,833 3,825,831 3,845,124

As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, accruing loans 30 days or more past due represented 0.20% and 0.14% of the Company’s total loan portfolio, respectively. Commercial loans accruing 30 days or more past due were 0.05% and 0.02% of the Company’s total loan portfolio as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. Consumer loans accruing 30 days or more past due were 0.15% and 0.12% of total loans as of March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively.

The table below summarizes nonaccrual loans by major categories for the periods presented.

March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Nonaccrual Nonaccrual
loans loans Total loans loans Total
with no with an nonaccrual with no with an nonaccrual
(dollars in thousands) allowance allowance loans allowance allowance loans
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $2,066 251 2,317 $- 259 259
Non-owner occupied RE - 1,712 1,712 5,097 1,820 6,917
Business - 909 909 - 189 189
Total commercial 2,066 2,872 4,938 5,097 2,268 7,365
Consumer
Real estate 3,994 1,792 5,786 4,122 1,641 5,763
Home equity 495 250 745 705 - 705
Total consumer 4,489 2,042 6,531 4,827 1,641 6,468
Total nonaccrual loans $6,555 4,914 11,469 $9,924 3,909 13,833

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The Company did not recognize interest income on nonaccrual loans for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025. Accrued interest reversed during the three months ended March 31, 2026 was approximately $118,000. The accrued interest reversed during the three months ended March 31, 2025 was not material. Foregone interest income on the nonaccrual loans for the three-month period ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 was approximately $68,000 and $74,000, respectively.

The table below summarizes information regarding nonperforming assets.

(dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Nonaccrual loans $11,469 13,833
Other real estate owned 475 275
Total nonperforming assets $11,944 14,108
Nonperforming assets as a percentage of:
Total assets 0.26% 0.32%
Gross loans 0.30% 0.37%
Total loans over 90 days past due $3,689 4,499
Loans over 90 days past due and still accruing - -

Modifications to Borrowers Experiencing Financial Difficulty

The allowance for credit losses incorporates an estimate of lifetime expected credit losses and is recorded on each asset upon origination or acquisition. The starting point for the estimate of the allowance for credit losses is historical loss information, which includes losses from modifications of receivables to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. The Company uses a discounted cash flow model to determine the allowance for credit losses. An assessment of whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty is made on the date of a modification.

Because the effect of most modifications made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty is already included in the allowance for credit losses due to the measurement methodologies used to estimate the allowance, a change to the allowance for credit losses is generally not recorded upon modification. Loan modifications to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty were not material for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, respectively.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The Company maintains an allowance for credit losses to provide for expected credit losses. Losses are charged against the allowance when management believes that the principal is uncollectable. Subsequent recoveries, if any, are credited to the allowance. Allocations of the allowance are made for specific loans and for pools of similar types of loans, although the entire allowance is available for any loan that, in management’s judgment, should be charged against the allowance. A provision for credit losses is taken based on management’s ongoing evaluation of the appropriate allowance balance.

A formal evaluation of the adequacy of the ACL is conducted quarterly. This assessment includes procedures to estimate the allowance and test the adequacy and appropriateness of the resulting balance. The level of the allowance is based upon management's evaluation of historical default and loss experience, current and projected economic conditions, asset quality trends, known and inherent risks in the portfolio, adverse situations that may affect the borrowers' ability to repay a loan, the estimated value of any underlying collateral, composition of the loan portfolio, industry and peer bank loan quality indications and other pertinent factors, including regulatory recommendations. Management believes the level of the ACL is adequate to absorb all expected future losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. The allowance is increased through provision for credit losses and decreased by charge-offs, net of recoveries of amounts previously charged-off.

On January 1, 2025, the Company transitioned to the DCF modeling approach to estimate the ACL on loans as it allows for a better estimation of credit losses through customization among the various inputs by loan segmentation. The DCF methodology is applied on a segment-by-segment basis at the loan level with a one-year reasonable and supportable forecast period, followed by a one-year reversion to the long-term average. The Company considers economic forecasts of national gross domestic product (“GDP”) and unemployment rates as reported by Fannie

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Mae to inform the model for loss estimation. Historical loss rates used in the quantitative model were derived using both the Bank's and peer bank data obtained from publicly-available sources (i.e., federal call reports) encompassing an economic cycle. The peer group utilized by the Bank is comprised of financial institutions of relatively similar size (i.e., $1-$15 billion of total assets) and in similar markets. In addition, the DCF methodology considers the weighted average life of the portfolio, impacting the reaction time and the exposure to potential loss based on changes in the interest rate environment. Management also considers qualitative adjustments when estimating loan losses to take into account the model's quantitative limitations. Qualitative adjustments to quantitative loss factors, either negative or positive, may include changes in lending policies; international, national, regional, and local conditions; volume and terms of loans; experience and depth of management; volume and severity of past due loans; effects of changes in lending policy; concentrations of credit; and loan review results. The Company enhanced its qualitative factor framework to better address risks that are not reflected in the quantitative loss factors.

The following tables summarize the activity related to the allowance for credit losses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025.

Three months March 31, 2026
Commercial Consumer
(dollars in thousands) Owner
occupied
RE		 Non-
owner
occupied
RE		 Construction Business Real
Estate		 Home
Equity		 Construction Other Total
Balance, beginning of period $3,911 6,773 611 12,148 15,866 1,827 569 575 42,280
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses for loans (451) (902) 371 1,340 448 623 (216) (63) 1,150
Loan charge-offs - - - (74) - - - (4) (78)
Loan recoveries - 11 - 13 - 2 - - 26
Net loan recoveries (charge-offs) - 11 - (61) - 2 - (4) (52)
Balance, end of period $3,460 5,882 982 13,427 16,314 2,452 353 508 43,378
Net charge-offs to average loans (annualized) 0.01%
Allowance for credit losses to gross loans 1.10%
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans 378.22%
Three months ended March 31, 2025
Commercial Consumer
(dollars in thousands) Owner
occupied
RE		 Non-
owner
occupied
RE		 Construction Business Real
Estate		 Home
Equity		 Construction Other Total
Balance, beginning of period $5,482 10,219 940 7,745 12,359 2,655 115 399 39,914
Provision for (reversal of) credit losses for loans (1,548) (2,886) (358) 3,402 2,834 (1,110) 372 44 750
Loan charge-offs - - - (78) - - - - (78)
Loan recoveries - - - 62 - 4 - 35 101
Net loan recoveries
(charge-offs)		 - - - (16) - 4 - 35 23
Balance, end of period $3,934 7,333 582 11,131 15,193 1,549 487 478 40,687
Net recoveries to average loans (annualized) 0.00%
Allowance for credit losses to gross loans 1.10%
Allowance for credit losses to nonperforming loans 378.09%

There was a provision for credit losses of $1.2 million and $750,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and March 31, 2025, respectively.

Collateral dependent loans are loans for which the repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the operation or sale of the collateral, and where the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. The Company reviews individually evaluated loans for designation as collateral dependent loans, as well as other loans that management of the Company designates as having higher risk. These loans do not share common risk characteristics and are not included within the collectively evaluated loans for determining the allowance for credit losses.

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Under CECL, for collateral dependent loans, the Company has adopted the practical expedient to measure the allowance for credit losses based on the fair value of collateral. The allowance for credit losses is calculated on an individual loan basis based on the shortfall between the fair value of the loan's collateral, which is adjusted for liquidation costs/discounts, and amortized cost. If the fair value of the collateral exceeds the amortized cost, no allowance is required.

The following tables present an analysis of collateral-dependent loans of the Company as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

March 31, 2026

Real Business
(dollars in thousands) estate assets Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $2,838 251 3,089
Non-owner occupied RE 1,712 - 1,712
Business 163 646 809
Total commercial 4,713 897 5,610
Consumer
Real estate 6,318 - 6,318
Home equity 745 - 745
Total consumer 7,063 - 7,063
Total collateral dependent loans $11,776 897 12,673

December 31, 2025

Real Business
(dollars in thousands) estate assets Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $- 259 259
Non-owner occupied RE 6,917 - 6,917
Business 165 24 189
Total commercial 7,082 283 7,365
Consumer
Real estate 5,763 - 5,763
Home equity 705 - 705
Total consumer 6,468 - 6,468
Total collateral dependent loans $13,550 283 13,833

Allowance for Credit Losses - Unfunded Loan Commitments

The allowance for credit losses for unfunded loan commitments was $2.1 million and $2.0 million at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively, and is separately classified on the balance sheet within other liabilities. The following table presents the balance and activity in the ACL for unfunded loan commitments for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and twelve months ended December 31, 2025.

Three months ended Three months ended
(dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 March 31, 2025
Balance, beginning of period $1,956 1,456
Provision for credit losses 150 -
Balance, end of period $2,106 1,456
Total unfunded loan commitments $905,161 716,114
Reserve for unfunded commitments to total unfunded loan commitments 0.23% 0.20%

NOTE 5 – Leases

The Company had operating right-of-use (“ROU”) assets, included in property and equipment, of $24.8 million and $19.0 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The Company had lease liabilities, included in other liabilities, of $27.6 million and $21.7 million as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025,

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respectively. We maintain operating leases on land and buildings for various office spaces. The lease agreements have maturity dates ranging from January 2028 to December 2036, some of which include options for multiple five-year extensions. The weighted average remaining life of the lease term for these leases was 5.61 years and 4.31 years as March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively. The ROU asset and lease liability are recognized at lease commencement by calculating the present value of lease payments over the lease term. The ROU assets also include any initial direct costs incurred and lease payments made at or before commencement date and are reduced by any lease incentives.

The discount rate used in determining the lease liability for each individual lease was the FHLB fixed advance rate which corresponded with the remaining lease term at implementation of the accounting standard and as of the lease commencement date for leases subsequently entered into. The weighted average discount rate for leases was 2.95% and 2.27% as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

The total operating lease costs were $744,000 and $613,000 for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and 2025, respectively.

Operating lease payments due as of March 31, 2026 were as follows:

Operating
(dollars in thousands) Leases
2026 $1,660
2027 2,568
2028 2,327
2029 1,826
2030 1,959
Thereafter 26,236
Total undiscounted lease payments 36,576
Discount effect of cash flows 8,950
Total lease liability $27,626

NOTE 6 – Derivative Financial Instruments

The Company utilizes derivative financial instruments primarily to hedge its exposure to changes in interest rates. All derivative financial instruments are recognized as either assets or liabilities and measured at fair value.

The Company enters into commitments to originate residential mortgage loans held for sale, at specified interest rates and within a specified period of time, with clients who have applied for a loan and meet certain credit and underwriting criteria (interest rate lock commitments). These interest rate lock commitments (“IRLCs”) meet the definition of a derivative financial instrument and are reflected in the balance sheet at fair value with changes in fair value recognized in current period earnings. Unrealized gains and losses on the IRLCs are recorded as derivative assets and derivative liabilities, respectively, and are measured based on the value of the underlying mortgage loan, quoted mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) prices and an estimate of the probability that the mortgage loan will fund within the terms of the interest rate lock commitment, net of estimated commission expenses.

The Company manages the interest rate and price risks associated with its outstanding IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale by entering into derivative instruments such as forward sales of MBS. These derivatives are free-standing derivatives and are not designated as instruments for hedge accounting. Management expects these derivatives will experience changes in fair value opposite to changes in fair value of the IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale, thereby reducing earnings volatility. The Company takes into account various factors and strategies in determining the portion of the mortgage pipeline (IRLCs and mortgage loans held for sale) it wants to economically hedge. The gain or loss resulting from the change in the fair value of the derivative is recognized in the Company’s statement of income during the period of change.

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On December 1, 2025, the Company terminated $300 million of pay-fixed portfolio layer method fair value swaps previously designated as hedging instruments. At termination, the cumulative fair value hedge basis adjustment, included in gross loans, was $2.4 million, which will be amortized over the weighted average life of the remaining portfolio, or 77 months.

The following table summarizes the Company’s outstanding financial derivative instruments at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

March 31, 2026
Fair Value
(dollars in thousands) Notional Balance Sheet
Location		 Asset/(Liability)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Mortgage loan interest rate lock commitments 29,763 Other assets 276
MBS forward sales commitments 19,500 Other assets 157
Total derivative financial instruments $49,263 $433
December 31, 2025
Fair Value
(dollars in thousands) Notional Balance Sheet
Location		 Asset/(Liability)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments:
Mortgage loan interest rate lock commitments 22,264 Other assets 335
MBS forward sales commitments 15,000 Other liabilities (51)
Total derivative financial instruments $37,264 $284

NOTE 7 – Fair Value Accounting

FASB ASC 820, “Fair Value Measurement and Disclosures,” defines fair value as the exchange price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. FASB ASC 820 also establishes a fair value hierarchy which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The standard describes three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value:

Level 1 – Quoted market price in active markets
Quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 1 assets and liabilities include certain debt and equity securities that are traded in an active exchange market.
Level 2 – Significant other observable inputs
Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices such as quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities; quoted prices in markets that are not active; or other inputs that are observable or can be corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the assets or liabilities. Level 2 assets and liabilities include fixed income securities and mortgage-backed securities that are held in the Company’s available-for-sale portfolio and valued by a third-party pricing service, as well as certain individually evaluated loans.
Level 3 – Significant unobservable inputs
Unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and that are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities. Level 3 assets and liabilities include financial instruments whose value is determined using pricing models, discounted cash flow methodologies, or similar techniques, as well as instruments for which the determination of fair value requires significant management judgment or estimation. These methodologies may result in a significant portion of the fair value being derived from unobservable data.

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The methods of determining the fair value of assets and liabilities presented in this note are consistent with our methodologies disclosed in Note 12 of the Company’s 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K. See Note 6 for how the derivative asset fair value is determined. The Company’s loan portfolio is initially fair valued using a segmented approach, using the eight categories of loans as disclosed in Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses. Loans are considered a Level 3 classification.

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

Schedule of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis
March 31, 2026
(dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets
Securities available for sale
Corporate bonds $- 1,596 - 1,596
US government agencies - 11,947 - 11,947
State and political subdivisions - 17,717 - 17,717
Asset-backed securities - 12,568 - 12,568
Mortgage-backed securities - 80,396 - 80,396
Mortgage loans held for sale - 13,723 - 13,723
Mortgage loan interest rate lock commitments - 276 - 276
MBS forward sales commitments - 157 - 157
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $- 138,380 - 138,380

The Company had no liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of March 31, 2026.

December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets
Securities available for sale:
Corporate bonds $- 1,600 - 1,600
US government agencies - 12,278 - 12,278
State and political subdivisions - 17,870 - 17,870
Asset-backed securities - 16,419 - 16,419
Mortgage-backed securities - 79,563 - 79,563
Mortgage loans held for sale - 11,569 - 11,569
Mortgage loan interest rate lock commitments - 335 - 335
Total assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis $- 139,634 - 139,634
Liabilities
MBS forward sales commitments $- 51 - 51
Total liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis $- 51 - 51

Assets and Liabilities Recorded at Fair Value on a Nonrecurring Basis

The tables below present the recorded amount of assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

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As of March 31, 2026
(dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets
Individually evaluated loans, net of reserves $- 10,447 - 10,447
Other real estate owned - 475 - 475
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $- 10,922 - 10,922
As of December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Assets
Individually evaluated loans, net of reserves $- 12,557 1,038 13,595
Other real estate owned - 275 - 275
Total assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis $- 12,832 1,038 13,870

The Company had no liabilities carried at fair value or measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

For Level 3 assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring or nonrecurring basis as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurements were as follows:

Valuation Technique Significant Unobservable Inputs Range of Inputs
Individually evaluated loans Appraised Value/ Discounted Cash Flows Discounts to appraisals or cash flows for estimated holding and/or selling costs or age of appraisal. Estimated future cash flows, risk-adjusted discount rates, borrower performance and recovery assumptions, and expected cash-collection timing. 0-25%

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

Financial instruments require disclosure of fair value information, whether or not recognized in the consolidated balance sheets, when it is practical to estimate the fair value. A financial instrument is defined as cash, evidence of an ownership interest in an entity or a contractual obligation which requires the exchange of cash. Certain items are specifically excluded from the disclosure requirements, including the Company’s common stock, premises and equipment and other assets and liabilities.

The estimated fair values of the Company’s financial instruments at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 are as follows:

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March 31, 2026
(dollars in thousands) Carrying
Amount		 Fair
Value		 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial Assets:
Other investments, at cost $20,377 20,377 - - 20,377
Loans1 3,886,068 3,698,028 - - 3,698,028
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits 3,873,455 3,567,157 - 3,567,157 -
FHLB and other borrowings 240,000 238,936 - 238,936 -
Subordinated debentures 24,903 26,642 - 26,642 -
December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Carrying
Amount		 Fair
Value		 Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
Financial Assets:
Other investments, at cost $20,063 20,063 - - 20,063
Loans1 3,787,729 3,592,123 - - 3,592,123
Financial Liabilities:
Deposits 3,716,803 3,461,284 - 3,461,284 -
FHLB and other borrowings 240,000 240,798 - 240,798 -
Subordinated debentures 24,903 26,658 - 26,658 -
1 Carrying amount is net of the allowance for credit losses and individually evaluated loans.

NOTE 8 – Earnings Per Common Share

The following schedule reconciles the numerators and denominators of the basic and diluted earnings per share computations for the three-month periods ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. Dilutive common shares arise from the potentially dilutive effect of the Company’s stock options and unvested restricted stock that were outstanding at March 31, 2026. The assumed conversion of stock options can create a difference between basic and dilutive net income per common share. At March 31, 2026 and 2025, there were 6,913 and 210,099 options, respectively, that were not considered in computing diluted earnings per common share because they were anti-dilutive.

Three months ended
March 31,
(dollars in thousands, except share data) 2026 2025
Numerator:
Net income available to common shareholders $9,887 5,266
Denominator:
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – basic 8,163,412 8,078,355
Common stock equivalents 129,440 32,159
Weighted-average common shares outstanding – diluted 8,292,852 8,110,514
Earnings per common share:
Basic $1.21 0.65
Diluted 1.19 0.65

NOTE 9 – Subsequent Event

Public Offering of Common Stock

On April 17, 2026, the Company closed its previously announced underwritten public offering of 1,207,500 shares of its common stock, which includes 157,500 shares issued pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise in full of their option to purchase additional shares, at a public offering price of $54.00 per share. Aggregate gross proceeds from the offering were approximately $65.2 million, before underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. The Company intends to use the net proceeds from the offering for general corporate purposes,

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which may include supporting organic growth initiatives, providing capital to the Bank, redeeming or repurchasing outstanding indebtedness, including subordinated debt, and for working capital purposes.

Item 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

The following discussion reviews our results of operations for the three-month period ended March 31, 2026 as compared to the three-month period ended March 31, 2025 and assesses our financial condition as of March 31, 2026 as compared to December 31, 2025. You should read the following discussion and analysis in conjunction with the accompanying consolidated financial statements and the related notes and the consolidated financial statements and the related notes for the year ended December 31, 2025 included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for that period. Results for the three-month period ended March 31, 2026 are not necessarily indicative of the results for the year ending December 31, 2026 or any future period.

Unless the context requires otherwise, references to the “Company,” “we,” “us,” “our,” or similar references mean Southern First Bancshares, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiary. References to the “Bank” refer to Southern First Bank.

Cautionary Warning Regarding forward-looking statements

This report contains statements which constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”). Forward-looking statements may relate to our financial condition, results of operations, plans, objectives, or future performance. These statements are based on many assumptions and estimates and are not guarantees of future performance. Our actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements, as they will depend on many factors about which we are unsure, including many factors which are beyond our control. The words “may,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “will,” “seek to,” “strive,” “focus,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “predict,” “project,” “potential,” “believe,” “continue,” “assume,” “intend,” “plan,” and “estimate,” as well as similar expressions, are meant to identify such forward-looking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties that could cause our actual results to differ from those anticipated in any forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to:

·Restrictions or conditions imposed by our regulators on our operations;
·Increases in competitive pressure in the banking and financial services industries;
·Changes in access to funding or increased regulatory requirements with regard to funding, which could impair our liquidity;
·Changes in deposit flows, which may be negatively affected by a number of factors, including rates paid by competitors, general interest rate levels, regulatory capital requirements, returns available to clients on alternative investments and general economic or industry conditions;
·Credit losses as a result of declining real estate values, increasing interest rates, increasing unemployment, changes in payment behavior or other factors;
·Credit losses due to loan concentration;
·Changes in the amount of our loan portfolio collateralized by real estate and weaknesses in the real estate market;
·Our ability to successfully execute our business strategy;
·Our ability to attract and retain key personnel;
·The success and costs of our expansion into potential new markets;
·Risks with respect to future mergers or acquisitions, including our ability to successfully expand and integrate the businesses and operations that we acquire and realize the anticipated benefits of the mergers or acquisitions;
·Changes in the interest rate environment which could reduce anticipated or actual margins;

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·Changes in political, economic, legislative, or regulatory conditions, including new governmental initiatives affecting the financial services industry and potential disruptions resulting from U.S. federal government funding lapses, shutdowns, or related fiscal policy uncertainty;
·Changes in economic conditions resulting in, among other things, a deterioration in credit quality;
·Changes occurring in business conditions and inflation;
·Increased cybersecurity risk, including potential business disruptions or financial losses;
·Changes in technology;
·The adequacy of the level of our allowance for credit losses and the amount of loan loss provisions required in future periods;
·Examinations by our regulatory authorities, including the possibility that the regulatory authorities may, among other things, require us to increase our allowance for credit losses or write-down assets;
·Changes in U.S. monetary policy, the level and volatility of interest rates, the capital markets and other market conditions that may affect, among other things, our liquidity and the value of our assets and liabilities;
·Any increase in FDIC assessments which will increase our cost of doing business;
·Risks associated with complex and changing regulatory environments, including, among others, with respect to data privacy, artificial intelligence (“AI”), information security, climate change or other environmental, social and governance matters, and labor matters, relating to our operations;
·The rate of delinquencies and amounts of loans charged-off;
·The rate of loan growth in recent years and the lack of seasoning of a portion of our loan portfolio;
·Our ability to maintain appropriate levels of capital and to comply with our capital ratio requirements;
·Adverse changes in asset quality and resulting credit risk-related losses and expenses;
·Changes in accounting standards, rules and interpretations and the related impact on our financial statements;
·Risks associated with actual or potential litigation or investigations by customers, regulatory agencies or others;
·Adverse effects of failures by our vendors to provide agreed upon services in the manner and at the cost agreed;
·The potential effects of events beyond our control that may have a destabilizing effect on financial markets and the economy, such as epidemics and pandemics; war, terrorism, or other geopolitical conflicts or instability, including the war in Ukraine, conflicts in the Middle East, instability or sanctions affecting Venezuela, and tensions between China and Taiwan; disruptions in our customers’ supply chains or transportation networks; essential utility outages; trade disputes and related tariffs; and disruptions caused by widespread cybersecurity incidents; and
·Other risks and uncertainties detailed in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, in Part II, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, and in our other filings with the SEC.

If any of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if any of the assumptions underlying such forward-looking statements proves to be incorrect, our results could differ materially from those expressed in, implied or projected by, such forward-looking statements. We urge investors to consider all of these factors carefully in evaluating the forward-looking statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. We make these forward-looking statements as of the date of this document and we do not intend, and assume no obligation, to update the forward-looking statements or to update the reasons why actual results could differ from those expressed in, or implied or projected by, the forward-looking statements, except as required by law.

OVERVIEW

Our business model continues to be client-focused, utilizing relationship teams to provide our clients with a specific banker contact and support team responsible for all of their banking needs. The purpose of this structure is to

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provide a consistent and superior level of professional service, and we believe it provides us with a distinct competitive advantage. We consider exceptional client service to be a critical part of our culture, which we refer to as "ClientFIRST."

At March 31, 2026, we had total assets of $4.58 billion, a 4.0% increase from total assets of $4.40 billion at December 31, 2025. The largest component of our total assets is loans which were $3.94 billion and $3.85 billion at March 31, 2026, and December 31, 2025, respectively. Our liabilities and shareholders’ equity at March 31, 2026 totaled $4.20 billion and $379.4 million, respectively, compared to liabilities of $4.03 billion and shareholders’ equity of $368.7 million at December 31, 2025. The principal component of our liabilities is deposits which were $3.87 billion and $3.72 billion at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Like most community banks, we derive the majority of our income from interest received on our loans and investments. Our primary source of funds for making these loans and investments is our deposits, on which we pay interest. Consequently, one of the key measures of our success is our amount of net interest income, or the difference between the income on our interest-earning assets, such as loans and investments, and the expense on our interest-bearing liabilities, such as deposits and borrowings. Another key measure is the spread between the yield we earn on these interest-earning assets and the rate we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities, which is called our net interest spread. In addition to earning interest on our loans and investments, we earn income through fees and other charges to our clients.

Our net income to common shareholders was $9.9 million and $5.3 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026, and 2025, respectively. Diluted earnings per share (“EPS”) was $1.19 for the first quarter of 2026 as compared to $0.65 for the same period in 2025. The increase in net income was primarily driven by an increase in net interest income.

results of operations

Net Interest Income and Margin

Our level of net interest income is determined by the level of earning assets and the management of our net interest margin. Our net interest income was $30.3 million for the first quarter of 2026, a 29.4% increase over net interest income of $23.4 million for the first quarter of 2025, driven primarily by a $5.0 million increase in interest income on our interest-earning assets combined with a $1.9 million decrease in interest expense on our interest-bearing liabilities. In addition, our net interest margin, on a tax-equivalent (TE) basis, was 2.88% for the first quarter of 2026 compared to 2.41% for the same period in 2025.

We have included a number of tables to assist in our description of various measures of our financial performance. For example, the “Average Balances, Income and Expenses, Yields and Rates” table reflects the average balance of each category of our assets and liabilities as well as the yield we earned or the rate we paid with respect to each category during the three-month periods ended March 31, 2026 and 2025. A review of this table shows that our loans typically provide higher interest yields than do other types of interest-earning assets, which is why we direct a substantial percentage of our earning assets into our loan portfolio. Similarly, the “Rate/Volume Analysis” tables demonstrate the effect of changing interest rates and changing volume of assets and liabilities on our financial condition during the periods shown. We also track the sensitivity of our various categories of assets and liabilities to changes in interest rates, and we have included tables to illustrate our interest rate sensitivity with respect to interest-earning accounts and interest-bearing accounts.

The following tables entitled “Average Balances, Income and Expenses, Yield and Rates” set forth information related to our average balance sheets, average yields on assets, and average costs of liabilities. We derived these yields by dividing income or expense by the average balance of the corresponding assets or liabilities. We derived average balances from the daily balances throughout the periods indicated. During the same periods, we had no securities purchased with agreements to resell. All investments owned have an original maturity of over one year. Nonaccrual loans are included in the following tables. Loan yields have been reduced to reflect the negative impact on our earnings of loans on nonaccrual status. The net of capitalized loan costs and fees are amortized into interest income on loans.

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Average Balances, Income and Expenses, Yields and Rates

For the Three Months Ended March 31,
2026 2025
(dollars in thousands) Average
Balance		 Income/
Expense		 Yield/
Rate(1)		 Average
Balance		 Income/
Expense		 Yield/
Rate(1)
Interest-earning assets
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits with banks $211,039 $1,955 3.76% $107,821 $1,159 4.36%
Investment securities, taxable 141,309 1,368 3.93% 143,609 1,361 3.84%
Investment securities, nontaxable(2) 6,332 40 2.58% 7,914 55 2.80%
Loans(3) 3,899,002 51,257 5.33% 3,673,912 47,085 5.20%
Total interest-earning assets 4,257,682 54,620 5.20% 3,933,256 49,660 5.12%
Noninterest-earning assets 156,466 157,053
Total assets $4,414,148 $4,090,309
Interest-bearing liabilities
NOW accounts $421,527 1,102 1.06% $306,707 597 0.79%
Savings & money market 1,649,248 11,819 2.91% 1,520,632 12,750 3.40%
Time deposits 895,101 8,776 3.98% 930,282 10,222 4.46%
Total interest-bearing deposits 2,965,876 21,697 2.97% 2,757,621 23,569 3.47%
FHLB advances and other borrowings 240,000 2,244 3.79% 240,000 2,244 3.79%
Subordinated debentures 24,903 411 6.69% 24,903 451 7.34%
Total interest-bearing liabilities 3,230,779 24,352 3.06% 3,022,524 26,264 3.52%
Noninterest-bearing liabilities 807,686 732,761
Shareholders’ equity 375,683 335,024
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $4,414,148 $4,090,309
Net interest spread 2.14% 1.60%
Net interest income (tax equivalent) / margin $30,268 2.88% $23,396 2.41%
Less: tax-equivalent adjustment(2) 9 13
Net interest income $30,259 $23,383
(1)Annualized for the three month period.
(2)The tax-equivalent adjustment to net interest income adjusts the yield for assets earning tax-exempt income to a comparable yield on a taxable basis.
(3)Includes loans held for sale and nonaccrual loans.

Our net interest margin (TE) increased by 47 basis points to 2.88% during the first quarter of 2026, compared to the first quarter of 2025, driven primarily by an increase in our average interest-earning assets combined with a decrease in rates paid on our interest-bearing liabilities. Our average interest-earning assets grew by $324.4 million during the first quarter of 2026 from the prior year, while the average yield on these assets increased by eight basis points to 5.20%. Our average interest-bearing liabilities grew by $208.3 million during the first quarter of 2026 from the prior year, while the rate on these liabilities decreased 46 basis points to 3.06%.

The increase in average interest-earning assets for the first quarter of 2026 related primarily to an increase of $225.1 million in our average loan balances from the prior year. The eight-basis point increase in yield on our interest-earning assets was driven by a 13 basis point increase in the yield on our loan portfolio. The 13 basis point increase included a $543,000 repayment of interest on one large nonaccrual loan.

The increase in average interest-bearing liabilities for the first quarter of 2026 related primarily to an increase of $208.3 million in our average interest-bearing deposits. The 46 basis point decrease in cost of our interest-bearing liabilities was driven by a 50 basis point decrease in the cost of our interest-bearing deposits.

Our net interest spread was 2.14% for the first quarter of 2026 compared to 1.60% for the same period in 2025. The net interest spread is the difference between the yield we earn on our interest-earning assets and the rate we pay on our interest-bearing liabilities. The eight-basis point increase in yield on our interest-earning assets, combined with the 46 basis point decrease in the rate on our interest-bearing liabilities, resulted in a 54 basis point increase in our net interest spread for the 2026 period. We seek to fund increased loan volumes by growing our core deposits, but, subject to internal policy limits on the amount of wholesale funding we may maintain, will utilize

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wholesale funding to fund shortfalls, if any, or provide additional liquidity. To the extent that our dependence on wholesale funding sources increases, our net interest margin would likely be negatively impacted as we may not be able to reduce the rates we pay on these deposits as quickly as we can on core deposits as rates have and may continue to decline. We continue to deploy various asset liability management strategies to manage our risk to interest rate fluctuations.

Rate/Volume Analysis

Net interest income can be analyzed in terms of the impact of changing interest rates and changing volume. The following tables set forth the effect which the varying levels of interest-earning assets and interest-bearing liabilities and the applicable rates have had on changes in net interest income for the periods presented.

Three Months Ended
March 31, 2026 vs. 2025 March 31, 2025 vs. 2024
Increase (Decrease) Due to Increase (Decrease) Due to
(dollars in thousands) Volume Rate Rate/
Volume		 Total Volume Rate Rate/
Volume		 Total
Interest income
Loans $2,885 1,213 74 4,172 $641 827 12 1,480
Investment securities (36) 33 (1) (4) 63 (133) (5) (75)
Federal funds sold and interest-bearing deposits with banks 1,110 (160) (154) 796 61 (174) (8) (121)
Total interest income 3,959 1,086 (81) 4,964 765 520 (1) 1,284
Interest expense
Deposits 1,908 (3,497) (283) (1,872) 512 (3,803) (72) (3,363)
FHLB advances and other borrowings - - - - (12) 27 - 15
Subordinated debentures - (40) - (40) (175) 101 (32) (106)
Total interest expense 1,908 (3,537) (283) (1,912) 325 (3,675) (104) (3,454)
Net interest income $2,051 4,623 202 6,876 $440 4,195 103 4,738

Net interest income, the largest component of our income, was $30.3 million for the first quarter of 2026 and $23.4 million for the first quarter of 2025, a $6.9 million, representing a 29.4%, increase year over year. The increase during 2026 was driven by a $5.0 million increase in interest income primarily due to an increase in average loan balances and higher yields on our loan portfolio, as well as a $1.9 million decrease in interest expense primarily due to lower rates on our interest-bearing deposits.

Provision for Credit Losses

The provision for credit losses, which includes a provision for losses on unfunded commitments, is a charge to earnings to maintain the allowance for credit losses and reserve for unfunded commitments at levels consistent with management’s assessment of expected losses in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. We review the adequacy of the allowance for credit losses on a quarterly basis. Please see the discussion included in Note 4 – Loans and Allowance for Credit Losses for a description of the factors we consider in determining the amount of the provision we expense each period to maintain this allowance.

We recorded a provision for credit losses of $1.3 million during the first quarter of 2026, compared to a provision for credit losses of $750,000 in the first quarter of 2025. The provision during the first quarter of 2026 was driven primarily by growth in our loan portfolio. The $1.3 million provision during 2026 included a provision of $1.2 million for credit losses and a $150,000 provision for unfunded commitments. There was no provision for unfunded commitments recorded in the first quarter of 2025.

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Noninterest Income

The following table sets forth information related to our noninterest income.

Three months ended
March 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2026 2025
Mortgage banking income $1,493 1,424
Service fees on deposit accounts 756 539
ATM and debit card income 588 552
Income from bank owned life insurance 446 403
Other income 257 196
Total noninterest income $3,540 3,114

Noninterest income was $3.5 million for the first quarter of 2026, a $426,000, or 13.7%, increase from noninterest income of $3.1 million for the first quarter of 2025. The increase in noninterest income during 2026, compared to 2025, resulted primarily from an increase in mortgage banking income and service fees on deposit accounts. Mortgage banking income increased $69,000, or 4.8%, over the prior year due to higher mortgage volume. Service fees on deposit accounts increased $217,000, or 40.3%, over the prior year, driven by higher transaction volume, fee income on our commercial credit cards and additional wire fee income.

Noninterest expenses

The following table sets forth information related to our noninterest expenses.

Three months ended
March 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2026 2025
Compensation and benefits $11,980 11,304
Occupancy 2,490 2,548
Outside service and data processing costs 2,267 2,037
Insurance 892 1,010
Professional fees 675 509
Marketing 399 374
Other 1,312 1,054
Total noninterest expense $20,015 18,836

Noninterest expense was $20.0 million for the first quarter of 2026, a $1.2 million, or 6.3%, increase from noninterest expense of $18.8 million for the first quarter of 2025. The increase in noninterest expense was driven primarily by the following:

·Compensation and benefits expense increased $676,000, or 6.0%, relating primarily to an increase in salaries and commissions expenses.
·Outside service and data processing costs increased $230,000, or 11.3%, relating primarily to increases in software licensing and maintenance costs, electronic banking, and other services we provide to our clients which are driven by increased volume.
·Professional fees increased $166,000, or 32.6%, relating primarily to an increase in director’s fees, audit and accounting fees and other professional fees.
·Other noninterest expenses increased $258,000, or 24.5%, relating primarily to an increase in travel and entertainment expenses, other employee related expenses, and debit card losses.

Partially offsetting the above increases was a decrease in insurance expense of $118,000, or 11.7%, due to lower FDIC assessment expense during the first quarter of 2026.

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Our efficiency ratio was 59.2% for the first quarter of 2026, compared to 71.1% for the first quarter of 2025. The efficiency ratio represents the percentage of one dollar of expense required to be incurred to earn a full dollar of revenue and is computed by dividing noninterest expense by the sum of net interest income and noninterest income. The improvement during the 2026 period was driven primarily by the increase in net interest income.

We incurred income tax expense of $2.6 million and $1.6 million for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. Our effective tax rate was 20.8% and 23.8% for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was driven by the effect of equity compensation transactions in comparison to our income before income tax expense.

Balance Sheet Review

Investment Securities

At March 31, 2026, the $144.6 million in our investment securities portfolio represented approximately 3.2% of our total assets. Our available for sale investment portfolio included corporate bonds, US treasuries, US government agency securities, state and political subdivisions, asset-backed securities and mortgage-backed securities with a fair value of $124.2 million and an amortized cost of $134.2 million, resulting in an unrealized loss of $10.0 million. At December 31, 2025, the $147.8 million in our investment securities portfolio represented approximately 3.4% of our total assets, including investment securities with a fair value of $127.7 million and an amortized cost of $137.2 million for an unrealized loss of $9.4 million. In addition, other investments, which include FHLB Stock and other nonmarketable investments, increased $314,000 from December 31, 2025 to $20.4 million at March 31, 2026.

Loans

Since loans typically provide higher interest yields than other types of interest earning assets, a substantial percentage of our earning assets are invested in our loan portfolio. Average loans, excluding mortgage loans held for sale, for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were $3.90 billion and $3.67 billion, respectively. Before the allowance for credit losses, total loans outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were $3.94 billion and $3.85 billion, respectively.

The principal component of our loan portfolio is loans secured by real estate mortgages. As of March 31, 2026, our loan portfolio included $3.22 billion, or 81.8%, of real estate loans, compared to $3.18 billion, or 82.8%, at December 31, 2025. Most of our real estate loans are secured by residential or commercial property. We obtain a security interest in real estate, in addition to any other available collateral, in order to increase the likelihood of the ultimate repayment of the loan. Generally, we limit the loan-to-value ratio on loans to coincide with the appropriate regulatory guidelines. We attempt to maintain a relatively diversified loan portfolio to help reduce the risk inherent in concentration in certain types of collateral and business types. Home equity lines of credit totaled $262.5 million as of March 31, 2026, of which approximately 49% were in a first lien position, while the remaining balance was second liens. At December 31, 2025, our home equity lines of credit totaled $248.7 million, of which approximately 47% were in first lien positions, while the remaining balance was in second liens. The average home equity loan had a balance of approximately $112,000 and a loan to value of 74% as of March 31, 2026, compared to an average loan balance of $108,000 and a loan to value of approximately 73% as of December 31, 2025. Further, 0.58% and 0.38% of our total home equity lines of credit were over 30 days past due as of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, respectively.

Following is a summary of our loan composition at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025. During the first three months of 2026, our loan portfolio increased by $97.1 million, or 10.2% annualized, primarily driven by a $58.1 million increase in commercial business loans and a $22.6 million increase in commercial owner occupied loans. In addition, home equity loans increased by $13.8 million during the first three months of 2026. Our consumer real estate portfolio, which decreased by $5.2 million includes high quality 1-4 family consumer real estate loans. Our average consumer real estate loan currently has a principal balance of $470,000, a term of 24 years, and an average rate of 4.57% as of March 31, 2026, compared to a principal balance of $472,000, a term of 24 years, and an average rate of 4.55% as of December 31, 2025.

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March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Amount % of Total Amount % of Total
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $759,602 19.3% $736,979 19.2%
Non-owner occupied RE 950,696 24.1% 956,812 24.9%
Construction 69,463 1.8% 63,666 1.7%
Business 677,742 17.2% 619,667 16.0%
Total commercial loans 2,457,503 62.4% 2,377,124 61.8%
Consumer
Real estate 1,148,129 29.1% 1,153,285 30.0%
Home equity 262,530 6.6% 248,685 6.5%
Construction 33,879 0.9% 24,997 0.6%
Other 40,178 1.0% 41,033 1.1%
Total consumer loans 1,484,716 37.6% 1,468,000 38.2%
Total gross loans, net of deferred fees 3,942,219 100.0% 3,845,124 100.0%
Less—allowance for credit losses (43,378) (42,280)
Total loans, net $3,898,841 $3,802,844

We have included the table below to provide additional clarity on our commercial real estate exposure. We have not identified any geographic concentrations within these collateral types. The table below presents the majority of our commercial real estate exposure by collateral type which are included in the commercial business, construction, and non-owner occupied segments.

March 31, 2026
(dollars in thousands) Outstanding % of Loan
Portfolio		 Average Loan
Size		 Weighted Average
LTV
Collateral
Office $230,225 5.84% $1,465 54%
Retail 198,382 5.03% 1,647 51%
Hotel 147,344 3.74% 7,923 47%
Multifamily 104,463 2.65% 2,441 43%
December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Outstanding % of Loan
Portfolio		 Average Loan
Size		 Weighted Average
LTV
Collateral
Office $221,425 5.76% $1,377 53%
Retail 186,692 4.86% 1,611 50%
Hotel 144,155 3.75% 7,651 48%
Multifamily 101,703 2.64% 2,462 43%

Our level of non-owner occupied commercial real estate loans represents 237.6% of the Bank’s total risk-based capital at March 31, 2026 compared to 236.5% at December 31, 2025.

Nonperforming assets

Nonperforming assets include real estate acquired through foreclosure or deed taken in lieu of foreclosure and loans on nonaccrual status. Generally, a loan is placed on nonaccrual status when it becomes 90 days past due as to principal or interest, or when we believe, after considering economic and business conditions and collection efforts, that the borrower’s financial condition is such that collection of the contractual principal or interest on the loan is doubtful. A payment of interest on a loan that is classified as nonaccrual is recognized as a reduction in principal when received. Our policy with respect to nonperforming loans requires the borrower to make a minimum of six consecutive payments in accordance with the loan terms and to show capacity to continue performing into the future before that loan can be placed back on accrual status. As of March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 we had no loans that were 90 days past due and still accruing.

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Following is a summary of our nonperforming assets.

(dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $2,317 259
Non-owner occupied RE 1,712 6,917
Business 909 189
Consumer
Real estate 5,786 5,763
Home equity 745 705
Total nonaccrual loans 11,469 13,833
Other real estate owned 475 275
Total nonperforming assets $11,944 14,108

At March 31, 2026, nonperforming assets were $11.9 million, or 0.26% of total assets and 0.30% of gross loans. Comparatively, nonperforming assets were $14.1 million, or 0.32% of total assets and 0.37% of gross loans at December 31, 2025. The increase in commercial owner occupied loans was due to one loan being moved to non-accrual status during the first quarter of 2026, while the decrease in commercial non-owner occupied loans was primarily driven by the payoff of one large non-residential loan. The amount of foregone interest income on nonaccrual loans in the first quarter of 2026 and 2025 was $68,000 and $74,000, respectively.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, the allowance for credit losses represented 378.22% and 305.65% of the total amount of nonperforming loans, respectively. A significant portion of the nonperforming loans at March 31, 2026 were secured by real estate. We have evaluated the underlying collateral on these loans and believe that the collateral on these loans is sufficient to minimize future losses.

As a general practice, most of our commercial loans and a portion of our consumer loans are originated with relatively short maturities of less than ten years. As a result, when a loan reaches its maturity, we frequently renew the loan and thus extend its maturity using similar credit standards as those used when the loan was first originated. Due to these loan practices, we may, at times, renew loans which are classified as nonaccrual after evaluating the loan’s collateral value and financial strength of its guarantors. Nonaccrual loans are renewed at terms generally consistent with the ultimate source of repayment and rarely at reduced rates. In these cases, we will generally seek additional credit enhancements, such as additional collateral or additional guarantees to further protect the loan. When a loan is no longer performing in accordance with its stated terms, we will typically seek performance under the guarantee.

In addition, at March 31, 2026, 81.8% of our loans were collateralized by real estate and 92.2% of our individually evaluated loans were secured by real estate. We utilize third party appraisers to determine the fair value of collateral dependent loans. Our current loan and appraisal policies require us to obtain updated appraisals on an annual basis, either through a new external appraisal or an appraisal evaluation. Individually evaluated loans are reviewed on a quarterly basis to determine the level of credit loss. As of March 31, 2026, we did not have any individually evaluated real estate loans carried at a value in excess of the appraised value. We typically charge-off a portion or create a specific reserve for individually evaluated loans when we do not expect repayment to occur as agreed upon under the original terms of the loan agreement.

At March 31, 2026, individually evaluated loans totaled $12.8 million, for which $5.7 million of these loans had a reserve of approximately $2.3 million allocated in the allowance for credit losses. Comparatively, individually evaluated loans totaled $15.1 million at December 31, 2025 for which $5.2 million of these loans had a reserve of approximately $1.5 million allocated in the allowance for credit losses.

Allowance for Credit Losses

The allowance for credit losses was $43.4 million, representing 1.10% of outstanding loans and providing coverage of 378.22% of nonperforming loans at March 31, 2026, compared to $42.3 million, or 1.10% of outstanding loans

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and 305.65% of nonperforming loans at December 31, 2025. At March 31, 2025, the ACL was $40.7 million, or 1.10% of outstanding loans and 378.09% of nonperforming loans.

Under the DCF methodology, expected loss rates are evaluated at the individual loan level using contractual cash flows, prepayment assumptions, reasonable and supportable economic forecasts, and other model inputs. Internal risk ratings continue to inform credit risk monitoring, segmentation, and qualitative adjustments, as applicable. The incorporation of the weighted average life of loan into the calculation was a key driver of the change in allocation between our commercial portfolio and our consumer portfolio as the weighted average life of our consumer loans is generally longer than that of our commercial loans, thus driving the changes in the expected loss rate to correlate to the expected life of the loan. As a result, the allocation of the ACL shifted among loan categories, reducing the ACL allotted to the commercial portfolio and increasing the ACL allotted to the consumer portfolio.

The following table summarizes the allocation of the allowance for credit losses among the various loan categories.

March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
(dollars in thousands) Amount %(1) Amount %(1)
Commercial
Owner occupied RE $3,460 19.3% $3,911 19.2%
Non-owner occupied RE 5,882 24.1% 6,773 24.9%
Construction 982 1.8% 611 1.7%
Business 13,427 17.2% 12,148 16.0%
Total commercial 23,751 62.4% 23,443 61.8%
Consumer
Real estate 16,314 29.1% 15,866 30.0%
Home equity 2,452 6.6% 1,827 6.5%
Construction 353 0.9% 569 0.6%
Other 508 1.0% 575 1.1%
Total consumer 19,627 37.6% 18,837 38.2%
Total allowance for credit losses $43,378 100.0% $42,280 100.0%
(1)Percentage of loans in each category to total loans.

Deposits and Other Interest-Bearing Liabilities

Our primary source of funds for loans and investments is our deposits and advances from the FHLB. In the past, we have chosen to obtain a portion of our certificates of deposits from areas outside of our market in order to obtain longer term deposits than are readily available in our local market. Our internal guidelines regarding the use of brokered CDs limit our brokered CDs to 30% of total deposits, which allows us to take advantage of the attractive terms that wholesale funding can offer while mitigating the related inherent risk.

Our retail deposits represented $3.37 billion, or 87.0% of total deposits, while our brokered deposits represented $501.7 million, or 13.0%, of total deposits at March 31, 2026. At December 31, 2025, retail deposits represented $3.16 billion, or 85.1%, of our total deposits and brokered deposits were $552.9 million, representing 14.9% of our total deposits. Our loan-to-deposit ratio was 102% at March 31, 2026 and 103% at December 31, 2025.

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The following is a detail of our deposit accounts:

March 31, December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2026 2025
Non-interest bearing $799,692 732,287
Interest bearing:
NOW accounts 495,657 423,270
Money market accounts 1,652,125 1,573,039
Savings 30,332 29,470
Time deposits 393,915 405,848
Total retail deposits 3,371,721 3,163,914
Brokered deposits 501,734 552,889
Total deposits $3,873,455 3,716,803

Our primary focus is on increasing core deposits, which exclude out-of-market deposits and time deposits of $250,000 or more, in order to provide a relatively stable funding source for our loan portfolio and other earning assets. In addition, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we estimate that we have approximately $1.6 billion and $1.5 billion, or 42.4% and 39.6% of total deposits, respectively, in uninsured deposits, including related interest accrued and unpaid. Since it is not reasonably practicable to provide a precise measure of uninsured deposits, the amounts above are estimates and are based on the same methodologies and assumptions used by the FDIC for the Bank’s regulatory reporting requirements.

The following table shows the average balance amounts and the average rates paid on deposits.

Three months ended
March 31,
2026 2025
(dollars in thousands) Amount Rate Amount Rate
Noninterest-bearing demand deposits $747,719 0.00% $677,772 0.00%
Interest-bearing demand deposits 421,527 1.06% 306,707 0.79%
Money market accounts 1,618,974 2.96% 1,488,372 3.47%
Savings accounts 30,274 0.19% 32,260 0.29%
Time deposits less than $250,000 174,171 3.26% 183,456 3.89%
Time deposits greater than $250,000 720,930 4.15% 746,826 4.59%
Total deposits $3,713,595 2.37% $3,435,393 2.78%

During the first three months of 2026, our average transaction account balances increased by $313.4 million, or 12.5%, from the prior year, while our average time deposit balances decreased by $35.2 million, or 3.8%. The increase in our average transaction account balances is the result of our focus on growing core deposits.

All of our time deposits are certificates of deposits. The maturity distribution of our time deposits $250,000 or more at March 31, 2026 was as follows:

March 31, December 31,
(dollars in thousands) 2026 2025
Three months or less $185,091 215,650
Over three through six months 239,362 180,050
Over six through twelve months 190,113 271,920
Over twelve months 110,587 110,334
Total time deposits $725,153 777,954

Time deposits that meet or exceed the FDIC insurance limit of $250,000 at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 were $725.2 million and $778.0 million, respectively. We have a relationship with IntraFi Promontory Network,

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allowing us to provide deposit customers with access to aggregate FDIC insurance in amounts exceeding $250,000. This gives us the ability, as and when needed, to attract and retain large deposits from insurance conscious customers. With IntraFi, we have the option to keep deposits on balance sheet or sell them to other members of the network.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, we had $240.0 million of convertible fixed rate FHLB advances with a weighted average rate of 3.74%. At March 31, 2026, the $240.0 million was secured with approximately $1.37 billion of mortgage loans and $14.8 million of stock in the FHLB. At December 31, 2025, the $240.0 million was secured with approximately $1.38 billion of mortgage loans and $14.5 million of stock in the FHLB.

Listed below is a summary of the terms and maturities of the advances outstanding at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025.

(dollars in thousands) March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Maturity Amount Rate Amount Rate
April 28, 2028 $40,000 3.51% $40,000 3.51%
June 28, 2028 40,000 3.54% 40,000 3.54%
July 10, 2028 40,000 3.87% 40,000 3.87%
July 10, 2028 40,000 3.96% 40,000 3.96%
May 15, 2029 35,000 3.90% 35,000 3.90%
July 10, 2029 45,000 3.69% 45,000 3.69%
Total FHLB Advances outstanding $240,000 3.74% $240,000 3.74%

Liquidity and Capital Resources

Liquidity is our ability to fund operations, to meet depositor withdrawals, to provide for customers’ credit needs, and to meet maturing obligations and existing commitments. Our liquidity principally depends on our cash flows from operating activities, investment in and maturity of assets, changes in balances of deposits and borrowings, and our ability to borrow funds. The several large bank failures across the United States in the first five months of 2023 exemplify the potential serious results of the unexpected inability of insured depository institutions to obtain needed liquidity to satisfy deposit withdrawal requests, including how quickly such requests can accelerate once uninsured depositors lose confidence in an institution’s ability to satisfy its obligations to depositors. We seek to ensure our funding needs are met by maintaining a level of liquidity through asset and liability management. Liquidity management involves monitoring our sources and uses of funds in order to meet our day-to-day cash flow requirements while maximizing profits. Liquidity management is made more complicated because different balance sheet components are subject to varying degrees of management control. For example, the timing of maturities of our investment portfolio is fairly predictable and subject to a high degree of control at the time investment decisions are made. However, net deposit inflows and outflows are far less predictable and are not subject to the same degree of control.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 our cash and cash equivalents totaled $342.8 million and $269.6 million, respectively, or 7.5% and 6.1% of total assets, respectively. Subsequent to quarter-end, on April 17, 2026, we closed an underwritten public offering of 1,207,500 shares of our common stock, including 157,500 shares issued pursuant to the underwriters’ exercise in full of their option to purchase additional shares, at a public offering price of $54.00 per share. Aggregate gross proceeds were approximately $65.2 million, before underwriting discounts and commissions and offering expenses. We expect to use the net proceeds for general corporate purposes, including supporting organic growth initiatives, providing capital to the Bank, redeeming or repurchasing outstanding indebtedness, including subordinated debt, and for working capital purposes. This offering further enhanced our liquidity and capital position subsequent to March 31, 2026.

Our investment securities at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 amounted to $144.6 million and $147.8 million, respectively, or 3.2% and 3.4% of total assets, respectively. Investment securities traditionally provide a secondary source of liquidity since they can be converted into cash in a timely manner.

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Our ability to maintain and expand our deposit base and borrowing capabilities serves as our primary source of liquidity. We plan to meet our future cash needs through the liquidation of temporary investments, the generation of deposits, loan payoffs, and from additional borrowings. In addition, we will receive cash upon the maturity and sale of loans and the maturity of investment securities. We maintain six federal funds purchased lines of credit with correspondent banks totaling $128.5 million for which there were no borrowings against the lines of credit at March 31, 2026. We also had $178.6 million pledged and available with the Federal Reserve Discount Window at March 31, 2026. Comparatively, at December 31, 2025, we had $181.2 million pledged and available with the Federal Reserve Discount Window.

We are also a member of the FHLB, from which applications for borrowings can be made. The FHLB requires that securities, qualifying mortgage loans, and stock of the FHLB owned by the Bank be pledged to secure any advances from the FHLB. The unused borrowing capacity currently available from the FHLB at March 31, 2026 was $811.7 million, based primarily on the Bank’s qualifying mortgages available to secure any future borrowings. However, we are able to pledge additional securities to the FHLB in order to increase our available borrowing capacity. In addition, at March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025 we had $270.3 million and $231.9 million, respectively, of letters of credit outstanding with the FHLB to secure client deposits.

We have a relationship with IntraFi Promontory Network, allowing us to provide deposit customers with access to aggregate FDIC insurance in amounts exceeding $250,000. This gives us the ability, as and when needed, to attract and retain large deposits from insurance conscious customers. With IntraFi, we have the option to keep deposits on balance sheet or sell them to other members of the network. Additionally, subject to certain limits, the Bank can use IntraFi to purchase cost-effective funding without collateralization and in lieu of generating funds through traditional brokered CDs or the FHLB. In this manner, IntraFi can provide us with another funding option. Thus, it serves as a deposit-gathering tool and an additional liquidity management tool. Under the Economic Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act, a well capitalized bank with a CAMELS rating of 1 or 2 may hold reciprocal deposits up to the lesser of 20% of its total liabilities or $5 billion without those deposits being treated as brokered deposits.

We also have a line of credit with another financial institution for $15.0 million, which was unused at March 31, 2026. The line of credit was renewed on March 5, 2026 at an interest rate of the U.S. Prime Rate plus 0.25% and matures on March 5, 2027.

We have $11.5 million of outstanding subordinated debt. The interest rate on the outstanding subordinated debt reset to an interest rate per annum equal to the Three-Month Term SOFR plus 340.8 basis points (7.37% at March 31, 2026), payable quarterly in arrears. The subordinated debt is intended to qualify as Tier 2 capital for regulatory capital purposes for the Company; however, the amount that is eligible to be included in Tier 2 capital will be reduced by 20% each year during the last five years before maturity date of the Notes beginning in the quarter ended December 31, 2024.

We believe that our existing stable base of core deposits, federal funds purchased lines of credit with correspondent banks, availability with the Federal Reserve Discount Window, and borrowings from the FHLB will enable us to successfully meet our long-term liquidity needs. However, as short-term liquidity needs arise, we have the ability to sell a portion of our investment securities portfolio to meet those needs.

Total shareholders’ equity was $379.4 million at March 31, 2026 and $368.7 million at December 31, 2025. The $10.8 million increase from December 31, 2025 is primarily related to net income of $9.9 million during the first three months of 2026, stock option exercises and equity compensation expenses of $1.3 million. Partially offsetting the increase was a $411,000 decrease in other comprehensive income related to our available for sale securities.

The following table shows the return on average assets (net income divided by average total assets), return on average equity (net income divided by average equity), equity to assets ratio (average equity divided by average assets), and tangible common equity ratio (total equity less preferred stock divided by total assets) annualized for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and the year ended December 31, 2025.

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March 31, 2026 December 31, 2025
Return on average assets 0.91% 0.72%
Return on average equity 10.67% 8.73%
Return on average common equity 10.67% 8.73%
Average equity to average assets ratio 8.51% 8.20%
Tangible common equity to assets ratio 8.29% 8.37%

Under the capital adequacy guidelines, regulatory capital is classified into two tiers. These guidelines require an institution to maintain a certain level of Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital to risk-weighted assets. Tier 1 capital consists of common shareholders’ equity, excluding the unrealized gain or loss on securities available for sale, minus certain intangible assets. In determining the amount of risk-weighted assets, all assets, including certain off-balance sheet assets, are multiplied by a risk-weight factor of 0% to 100% based on the risks believed to be inherent in the type of asset. Tier 2 capital consists of Tier 1 capital plus the general reserve for credit losses, subject to certain limitations. We are also required to maintain capital at a minimum level based on total average assets, which is known as the Tier 1 leverage ratio.

Regulatory capital rules, which we refer to as Basel III, impose minimum capital requirements for bank holding companies and banks. The Basel III rules apply to all national and state banks and savings associations regardless of size and bank holding companies and savings and loan holding companies other than “small bank holding companies,” generally holding companies with consolidated assets of less than $3 billion. In order to avoid restrictions on capital distributions or discretionary bonus payments to executives, a covered banking organization must maintain a “capital conservation buffer” on top of our minimum risk-based capital requirements. This buffer must consist solely of common equity Tier 1, but the buffer applies to all three measurements (common equity Tier 1, Tier 1 capital and total capital). The capital conservation buffer consists of an additional amount of CET1 equal to 2.5% of risk-weighted assets.

To be considered “well capitalized” for purposes of certain rules and prompt corrective action requirements, the Bank must maintain a minimum total risk-based capital ratio of at least 10%, a total Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 8%, a common equity Tier 1 capital ratio of at least 6.5%, and a leverage ratio of at least 5%. As of March 31, 2026 our capital ratios exceed these ratios and we remain “well capitalized.”

The following table summarizes the capital amounts and ratios of the Bank and the regulatory minimum requirements.

March 31, 2026
Actual For capital
adequacy purposes
minimum plus the
capital conservation
buffer		 To be well capitalized
under prompt
corrective
action provisions
minimum
(dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets) $448,583 12.80% $280,321 8.00% $350,401 10.00%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) 405,205 11.56% 210,241 6.00% 280,321 8.00%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) 405,205 11.56% 157,681 4.50% 227,761 6.50%
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets) 405,205 9.16% 176,956 4.00% 221,195 5.00%

December 31, 2025
Actual For capital
adequacy purposes
minimum plus the
capital conservation
buffer		 To be well capitalized
under prompt
corrective
action provisions
minimum
(dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets) $437,207 12.85% $272,120 8.00% $340,150 10.00%
Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) 394,927 11.61% 204,090 6.00% 272,120 8.00%
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) 394,927 11.61% 153,068 4.50% 221,098 6.50%
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets) 394,927 9.06% 174,276 4.00% 217,845 5.00%

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The following table summarizes the capital amounts and ratios of the Company and the minimum regulatory requirements.

March 31, 2026
Actual For capital
adequacy purposes
minimum plus the
capital conservation
buffer (1)		 To be well capitalized
under prompt
corrective
action provisions
minimum
(dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets) $450,556 12.86% $280,329 8.00% N/A N/A
Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) 400,278 11.42% 210,247 6.00% N/A N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) 387,278 11.05% 157,685 4.50% N/A N/A
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets) 400,278 9.05% 176,974 4.00% N/A N/A

December 31, 2025
Actual For capital
adequacy purposes
minimum plus the
capital conservation
buffer 		To be well capitalized
under prompt
corrective
action provisions
minimum(1)
(dollars in thousands) Amount Ratio Amount Ratio Amount Ratio
Total Capital (to risk weighted assets) $438,292 12.89% 272,120 8.00% N/A N/A
Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) 389,112 11.44% 204,090 6.00% N/A N/A
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital (to risk weighted assets) 376,112 11.06% 153,068 4.50% N/A N/A
Tier 1 Capital (to average assets) 389,112 8.93% 174,293 4.00% N/A N/A
(1)The prompt corrective action provisions are only applicable at the Bank level. The Bank exceeded the general minimum regulatory requirements to be considered “well capitalized.”

The ability of the Company to pay cash dividends to shareholders is dependent upon receiving cash in the form of dividends from the Bank. The dividends that may be paid by the Bank to the Company are subject to legal limitations and regulatory capital requirements. Since our inception, we have not paid cash dividends to shareholders.

Effect of Inflation and Changing Prices

The effect of relative purchasing power over time due to inflation has not been taken into account in our consolidated financial statements. Rather, our financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.

Unlike most industrial companies, our assets and liabilities are primarily monetary in nature. Therefore, the effect of changes in interest rates will have a more significant impact on our performance than will the effect of changing prices and inflation in general. In addition, interest rates may generally increase as the rate of inflation increases, although not necessarily in the same magnitude. As discussed previously, we seek to manage the relationships between interest sensitive assets and liabilities in order to protect against wide rate fluctuations, including those resulting from inflation.

Off-Balance Sheet Risk

Commitments to extend credit are agreements to lend money to a client as long as the client has not violated any material condition established in the contract. Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses and may require the payment of a fee. At March 31, 2026 unfunded commitments to extend credit were $905.2 million, of which $91.8 million were at fixed rates and $813.4 million were at variable rates. At December 31, 2025, unfunded commitments to extend credit were $843.6 million, of which approximately $81.4 million were at fixed rates and $726.2 million were at variable rates. A significant portion of the unfunded commitments related to commercial business loans and consumer home equity lines of credit. We evaluate each client’s credit worthiness on a case-by-case basis. The amount of collateral obtained, if deemed necessary by us upon extension of credit, is based on our credit evaluation of the borrower. The type of collateral varies but may

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include accounts receivable, inventory, property, plant and equipment, and commercial and residential real estate. As of March 31, 2026 the reserve for unfunded commitments was $2.1 million or 0.23%, compared to $2.0 million or 0.23% as of December 31, 2025.

At March 31, 2026 and December 31, 2025, there were commitments under letters of credit for $18.4 million and $20.4 million, respectively. The credit risk and collateral involved in issuing letters of credit is essentially the same as that involved in extending loan facilities to customers. Since most of the letters of credit are expected to expire without being drawn upon, they do not necessarily represent future cash requirements.

Except as disclosed in this report, we are not involved in off-balance sheet contractual relationships, unconsolidated related entities that have off-balance sheet arrangements or transactions that could result in liquidity needs or other commitments that significantly impact earnings.

Critical Accounting Estimates

We have adopted various accounting policies that govern the application of accounting principles generally accepted in the United States and with general practices within the banking industry in the preparation of our financial statements.

Certain accounting policies inherently involve a greater reliance on the use of estimates, assumptions and judgments and, as such, have a greater possibility of producing results that could be materially different than originally reported, which could have a material impact on the carrying values of our assets and liabilities and our results of operations. Of the significant accounting policies used in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements, we have identified certain items as critical accounting policies based on the associated estimates, assumptions, judgments and complexity. See “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Critical Accounting Estimates” in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2025, for a description our significant accounting policies that use critical accounting estimates.

Accounting, Reporting, and Regulatory Matters

See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies in the accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements included elsewhere in this report for details of recently issued accounting pronouncements and their expected impact on our consolidated financial statements.

Other accounting standards that have been issued or proposed by the FASB or other standards-setting bodies that do not require adoption until a future date are not expected to have a material impact on the consolidated financial statements upon adoption.

Item 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK.

Market risk is the risk of loss from adverse changes in market prices and rates, which principally arises from interest rate risk inherent in our lending, investing, deposit gathering, and borrowing activities. Other types of market risks, such as foreign currency exchange rate risk and commodity price risk, do not generally arise in the normal course of our business.

We actively monitor and manage our interest rate risk exposure to seek to control the mix and maturities of our assets and liabilities utilizing a process we call asset/liability management. The essential purposes of asset/liability management are to seek to ensure adequate liquidity and to maintain an appropriate balance between interest sensitive assets and liabilities in order to minimize potentially adverse impacts on earnings from changes in market interest rates. Our asset/liability management committee (“ALCO”) monitors and considers methods of managing exposure to interest rate risk by repricing assets or liabilities, selling securities available for sale, replacing an asset or liability at maturity, by adjusting the interest rate during the life of an asset or liability, or by the use of derivatives such as interest rate swaps and other hedging instruments. Managing the amount of assets and liabilities repricing in the same time interval helps to hedge the risk and minimize the impact on net interest income of rising or falling interest rates. We have both an internal ALCO consisting of senior management that meets no less than quarterly

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and a board risk committee that meets quarterly, and both committees are responsible for maintaining the level of interest rate sensitivity of our interest sensitive assets and liabilities within board-approved limits.

As of March 31, 2026, the following table summarizes the forecasted impact on net interest income using a base case scenario given upward and downward movements in interest rates of 100, 200, and 300 basis points based on forecasted assumptions of prepayment speeds, nominal interest rates and loan and deposit repricing rates. Estimates are based on current economic conditions, historical interest rate cycles and other factors deemed to be relevant. However, underlying assumptions may be impacted in future periods which were not known to management at the time of the issuance of the Consolidated Financial Statements. Therefore, management’s assumptions may or may not prove valid. No assurance can be given that changing economic conditions and other relevant factors impacting our net interest income will not cause actual occurrences to differ from underlying assumptions. In addition, this analysis does not consider any strategic changes to our balance sheet which management may consider as a result of changes in market conditions.

Interest rate scenario Change in net interest
income from base
Up 300 basis points (6.13)%
Up 200 basis points (3.42)%
Up 100 basis points (1.54)%
Base -
Down 100 basis points 1.76%
Down 200 basis points 5.32%
Down 300 basis points 9.91%

Item 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures

Management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based upon that evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures were effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in the reports we file and submit under the Exchange Act is (i) recorded, processed, summarized and reported as and when required and (ii) accumulated and communicated to our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.

Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting

There has been no change in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the three months ended March 31, 2026, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS.

We are a party to claims and lawsuits arising in the course of normal business activities. Management is not aware of any material pending legal proceedings against the Company which, if determined adversely, would have a material adverse impact on our financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

Item 1A. RISK FACTORS.

Investing in shares of our common stock involves certain risks, including those identified and described in Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2025, as well as cautionary statements contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, including those under the caption “Cautionary Warning Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” set forth in Part I, Item 2 of this Form 10-Q, risks and matters described elsewhere in this Form 10-Q, and in our other filings with the SEC.

There have been no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in the Company’s (i) Annual Report on Form 10-K for fiscal year ended December 31, 2025.

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Item 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS.

(a)Sales of Unregistered Securities - None
(b)Use of Proceeds – Not applicable
(c)Issuer Purchases of Securities

The following table reflects share repurchase activity during the first quarter of 2026:

(d) Maximum
(c) Total Number (or
Number of Approximate
Shares (or Dollar Value) of
Units) Shares (or
(a) Total Purchased as Units) that May
Number of Part of Publicly Yet Be
Shares (or (b) Average Announced Purchased
Units) Price Paid per Plans or Under the Plans
Period Purchased Share (or Unit) Programs or Programs
January 1, 2026 – March 31, 2026 - - - $5,000,000
Total - - - $5,000,000

*On June 17, 2025, the we announced a share repurchase plan allowing us to repurchase up to $5.0 million of shares of our common stock (the “Repurchase Plan”). As of March 31, 2026, we have not repurchased any of the shares authorized for repurchase under the Repurchase Plan. We are not obligated to purchase any such shares under the Repurchase Plan, and the Repurchase Plan may be discontinued, suspended or restarted at any time; however, repurchases under the Repurchase Plan after May 22, 2026 would require additional approval of our Board of Directors and the Federal Reserve.

Item 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES.

None.

Item 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES.

Not applicable.

Item 5. OTHER INFORMATION.

Trading Plans

During the three months ended March 31, 2026, no director or “officer” of the Company adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K of the Securities Act of 1933.

Item 6. EXHIBITS.

The exhibits required to be filed as part of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q are listed in the Index to Exhibits attached hereto and are incorporated herein by reference.

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

Exhibit
Number		 Description
31.1 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Executive Officer.
31.2 Rule 13a-14(a) Certification of the Principal Financial Officer.
32 Section 1350 Certifications.
101 The following materials from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Southern First Bancshares, Inc. for the quarter ended March 31, 2026, formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Income, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Statement of Changes in Shareholders’ Equity, (v) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows and (vi) Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document)

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

SOUTHERN FIRST BANCSHARES, INC.
Registrant
Date: May 1, 2026 /s/R. Arthur Seaver, Jr.
R. Arthur Seaver, Jr.
Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer)
Date: May 1, 2026 /s/Christian J. Zych
Christian J. Zych
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)

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